A study of the Galitskii-Feynman T matrix for liquid ³He

The Galitskii-Feynman T matrix, which sums the infinite ladder series in a many-fermion system for both particle-particle and hole-hole scattering, is studied in detail for a family of realistic He-He interactions. The structure of the S-wave bound-state singularity, reported previously, and its dependence on the bare interaction are documented at length. Special attention is devoted to the T matrix in the scattering region, where the c.m. energy of the interacting pair is positive. In particular, the on-energy-shell T matrix in this region is parametrized in terms of real "effective" phase shifts incorporating many-body effects. The critical behavior discussed previously in the bound-state region manifests itself clearly in the zero-energy limit of these phase shifts for the S wave. Below (above) a certain critical density, which is a function of both temperature and c.m. momentum, this limit approaches the value 0(-π) radians. A generalized Levinson's theorem relates this behavior to the existence of fermion-fermion pairing. An especially striking feature of these many-body phase shifts is the cusp behavior exhibited at the Fermi surface in the low-temperature limit, which turns out to arise essentially from the structure of the particle and hole occupation probabilities. Throughout this study the temperature dependence of the T matrix is particularly emphasized.