Aerial strategies advance volcanic gas measurements at inaccessible, strongly degassing volcanoes

Emma J. Liu; Alessandro Aiuppa; Alfredo Alan; Santiago Arellano; Marcello Bitetto; Nicole Bobrowski; Simon A. Carn; Robert Clarke; Ernesto Corrales; J. Maarten de Moor; Jorge Andres Diaz; Marie Edmonds; Tobias P. Fischer; James Freer; GM Fricke; Bo Galle; G Gerdes; Gaetano Giudice; Alexandra Gutmann; Catherine Hayer; Ima Itikarai; Jared Jones; Emily Mason; Brendan Mccormick Kilbride; Kila  Mulina; Scott Nowicki; Kristen Rahilly; Thomas Richardson; Julian  Rudiger; C Ian Schipper; I. Matt Watson; Kieran Wood

doi:10.1126/sciadv.abb9103

Aerial strategies advance volcanic gas measurements at inaccessible, strongly degassing volcanoes

Emma J. Liu, Alessandro Aiuppa, Alfredo Alan, Santiago Arellano, Marcello Bitetto, Nicole Bobrowski, Simon A. Carn, Robert Clarke, Ernesto Corrales, J. Maarten de Moor, Jorge Andres Diaz, Marie Edmonds, Tobias P. Fischer, James Freer, GM Fricke, Bo Galle, G Gerdes, Gaetano Giudice, Alexandra Gutmann, Catherine HayerIma Itikarai, Jared Jones, Emily Mason, Brendan Mccormick Kilbride, Kila Mulina, Scott Nowicki, Kristen Rahilly, Thomas Richardson, Julian Rudiger, C Ian Schipper, I. Matt Watson, Kieran Wood

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Abstract

Volcanic emissions are a critical pathway in Earth’s carbon cycle. Here, we show that aerial measurements of volcanic gases using unoccupied aerial systems (UAS) transform our ability to measure and monitor plumes remotely and to constrain global volatile fluxes from volcanoes. Combining multi-scale measurements from ground-based remote sensing, long-range aerial sampling, and satellites, we present comprehensive gas fluxes—3760 ± [600, 310] tons day−1 CO2 and 5150 ± [730, 340] tons day−1 SO2—for a strong yet previously uncharacterized volcanic emitter: Manam, Papua New Guinea. The CO2/ST ratio of 1.07 ± 0.06 suggests a modest slab sediment contribution to the sub-arc mantle. We find that aerial strategies reduce uncertainties associated with ground-based remote sensing of SO2 flux and enable near–real-time measurements of plume chemistry and carbon isotope composition. Our data emphasize the need to account for time averaging of temporal variability in volcanic gas emissions in global flux estimates.

Original language	English
Article number	abb9103
Journal	Science Advances
Volume	6
Issue number	44
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb9103 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb9103
Publication status	Published - 30 Oct 2020

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https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/sciadv.abb9103

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Liu, E. J., Aiuppa, A., Alan, A., Arellano, S., Bitetto, M., Bobrowski, N., Carn, S. A., Clarke, R., Corrales, E., Maarten de Moor, J., Diaz, J. A., Edmonds, M., Fischer, T. P., Freer, J., Fricke, GM., Galle, B., Gerdes, G., Giudice, G., Gutmann, A., ... Wood, K. (2020). Aerial strategies advance volcanic gas measurements at inaccessible, strongly degassing volcanoes. Science Advances, 6(44), Article abb9103. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb9103, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb9103

@article{c23eef1d2bf64b4ea74b97f7604261ac,

title = "Aerial strategies advance volcanic gas measurements at inaccessible, strongly degassing volcanoes",

abstract = "Volcanic emissions are a critical pathway in Earth{\textquoteright}s carbon cycle. Here, we show that aerial measurements of volcanic gases using unoccupied aerial systems (UAS) transform our ability to measure and monitor plumes remotely and to constrain global volatile fluxes from volcanoes. Combining multi-scale measurements from ground-based remote sensing, long-range aerial sampling, and satellites, we present comprehensive gas fluxes—3760 ± [600, 310] tons day−1 CO2 and 5150 ± [730, 340] tons day−1 SO2—for a strong yet previously uncharacterized volcanic emitter: Manam, Papua New Guinea. The CO2/ST ratio of 1.07 ± 0.06 suggests a modest slab sediment contribution to the sub-arc mantle. We find that aerial strategies reduce uncertainties associated with ground-based remote sensing of SO2 flux and enable near–real-time measurements of plume chemistry and carbon isotope composition. Our data emphasize the need to account for time averaging of temporal variability in volcanic gas emissions in global flux estimates.",

author = "Liu, {Emma J.} and Alessandro Aiuppa and Alfredo Alan and Santiago Arellano and Marcello Bitetto and Nicole Bobrowski and Carn, {Simon A.} and Robert Clarke and Ernesto Corrales and {Maarten de Moor}, J. and Diaz, {Jorge Andres} and Marie Edmonds and Fischer, {Tobias P.} and James Freer and GM Fricke and Bo Galle and G Gerdes and Gaetano Giudice and Alexandra Gutmann and Catherine Hayer and Ima Itikarai and Jared Jones and Emily Mason and {Mccormick Kilbride}, Brendan and Kila Mulina and Scott Nowicki and Kristen Rahilly and Thomas Richardson and Julian Rudiger and Schipper, {C Ian} and Watson, {I. Matt} and Kieran Wood",

note = "Funding Information: This research was enabled through the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation's support of the Deep Carbon Observatory Deep Earth Carbon Degassing program (DECADE). E.J.L. was supported by a Leverhulme Early Career Fellowship. A.Ai. and M.B. acknowledge funding from the MIUR (Ministero Istruzione Universit? e Ricerca of Italy), grant PRIN2017- 2017LMNLAW. T.R. and K.W. were supported by the EPSRC CASCADE programme grant (EP/R009953/1). C.H. acknowledges that part of the research leading to these results was performed within the EUROVOLC project (https://eurovolc.eu) and received funding from the European Community's Horizon 2020 program (grant agreement 731070). C.I.S. acknowledges funding from the NZ Earthquake Commission (Biennial Grant 18/764) and the Royal Society of NZ Marsden Fund (18-VUW-023). T.P.F. acknowledges the U.S. National Science Foundation for funding the Delta Ray isotope analyzer (EAR-1664246). S.A. and B.G. acknowledge support for the instrument development from FORMAS (Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development) and the Swedish National Space Agency (DNr 19/18). S.C. acknowledges funding from the NASA Earth Science Division through the Science of Terra, Aqua & Suomi NPP and Aura Science Team programs (grants 80NSSC18K0688 and 80NSSC17K0240). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 American Association for the Advancement of Science. All rights reserved. Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",

year = "2020",

month = oct,

day = "30",

doi = "10.1126/sciadv.abb9103",

language = "English",

volume = "6",

journal = "Science Advances",

issn = "2375-2548",

publisher = "American Association for the Advancement of Science (A A A S)",

number = "44",

}

Liu, EJ, Aiuppa, A, Alan, A, Arellano, S, Bitetto, M, Bobrowski, N, Carn, SA, Clarke, R, Corrales, E, Maarten de Moor, J, Diaz, JA, Edmonds, M, Fischer, TP, Freer, J, Fricke, GM, Galle, B, Gerdes, G, Giudice, G, Gutmann, A, Hayer, C, Itikarai, I, Jones, J, Mason, E, Mccormick Kilbride, B, Mulina, K, Nowicki, S, Rahilly, K, Richardson, T, Rudiger, J, Schipper, CI, Watson, IM & Wood, K 2020, 'Aerial strategies advance volcanic gas measurements at inaccessible, strongly degassing volcanoes', Science Advances, vol. 6, no. 44, abb9103. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb9103, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb9103

TY - JOUR

T1 - Aerial strategies advance volcanic gas measurements at inaccessible, strongly degassing volcanoes

AU - Liu, Emma J.

AU - Aiuppa, Alessandro

AU - Alan, Alfredo

AU - Arellano, Santiago

AU - Bitetto, Marcello

AU - Bobrowski, Nicole

AU - Carn, Simon A.

AU - Clarke, Robert

AU - Corrales, Ernesto

AU - Maarten de Moor, J.

AU - Diaz, Jorge Andres

AU - Edmonds, Marie

AU - Fischer, Tobias P.

AU - Freer, James

AU - Fricke, GM

AU - Galle, Bo

AU - Gerdes, G

AU - Giudice, Gaetano

AU - Gutmann, Alexandra

AU - Hayer, Catherine

AU - Itikarai, Ima

AU - Jones, Jared

AU - Mason, Emily

AU - Mccormick Kilbride, Brendan

AU - Mulina, Kila

AU - Nowicki, Scott

AU - Rahilly, Kristen

AU - Richardson, Thomas

AU - Rudiger, Julian

AU - Schipper, C Ian

AU - Watson, I. Matt

AU - Wood, Kieran

N1 - Funding Information: This research was enabled through the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation's support of the Deep Carbon Observatory Deep Earth Carbon Degassing program (DECADE). E.J.L. was supported by a Leverhulme Early Career Fellowship. A.Ai. and M.B. acknowledge funding from the MIUR (Ministero Istruzione Universit? e Ricerca of Italy), grant PRIN2017- 2017LMNLAW. T.R. and K.W. were supported by the EPSRC CASCADE programme grant (EP/R009953/1). C.H. acknowledges that part of the research leading to these results was performed within the EUROVOLC project (https://eurovolc.eu) and received funding from the European Community's Horizon 2020 program (grant agreement 731070). C.I.S. acknowledges funding from the NZ Earthquake Commission (Biennial Grant 18/764) and the Royal Society of NZ Marsden Fund (18-VUW-023). T.P.F. acknowledges the U.S. National Science Foundation for funding the Delta Ray isotope analyzer (EAR-1664246). S.A. and B.G. acknowledge support for the instrument development from FORMAS (Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development) and the Swedish National Space Agency (DNr 19/18). S.C. acknowledges funding from the NASA Earth Science Division through the Science of Terra, Aqua & Suomi NPP and Aura Science Team programs (grants 80NSSC18K0688 and 80NSSC17K0240). Publisher Copyright: © 2020 American Association for the Advancement of Science. All rights reserved. Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

PY - 2020/10/30

Y1 - 2020/10/30

N2 - Volcanic emissions are a critical pathway in Earth’s carbon cycle. Here, we show that aerial measurements of volcanic gases using unoccupied aerial systems (UAS) transform our ability to measure and monitor plumes remotely and to constrain global volatile fluxes from volcanoes. Combining multi-scale measurements from ground-based remote sensing, long-range aerial sampling, and satellites, we present comprehensive gas fluxes—3760 ± [600, 310] tons day−1 CO2 and 5150 ± [730, 340] tons day−1 SO2—for a strong yet previously uncharacterized volcanic emitter: Manam, Papua New Guinea. The CO2/ST ratio of 1.07 ± 0.06 suggests a modest slab sediment contribution to the sub-arc mantle. We find that aerial strategies reduce uncertainties associated with ground-based remote sensing of SO2 flux and enable near–real-time measurements of plume chemistry and carbon isotope composition. Our data emphasize the need to account for time averaging of temporal variability in volcanic gas emissions in global flux estimates.

AB - Volcanic emissions are a critical pathway in Earth’s carbon cycle. Here, we show that aerial measurements of volcanic gases using unoccupied aerial systems (UAS) transform our ability to measure and monitor plumes remotely and to constrain global volatile fluxes from volcanoes. Combining multi-scale measurements from ground-based remote sensing, long-range aerial sampling, and satellites, we present comprehensive gas fluxes—3760 ± [600, 310] tons day−1 CO2 and 5150 ± [730, 340] tons day−1 SO2—for a strong yet previously uncharacterized volcanic emitter: Manam, Papua New Guinea. The CO2/ST ratio of 1.07 ± 0.06 suggests a modest slab sediment contribution to the sub-arc mantle. We find that aerial strategies reduce uncertainties associated with ground-based remote sensing of SO2 flux and enable near–real-time measurements of plume chemistry and carbon isotope composition. Our data emphasize the need to account for time averaging of temporal variability in volcanic gas emissions in global flux estimates.

UR - https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/21a416c2-aad0-4566-b93b-6fc5dfeba7fa

U2 - 10.1126/sciadv.abb9103

DO - 10.1126/sciadv.abb9103

M3 - Article

C2 - 33127674

SN - 2375-2548

VL - 6

JO - Science Advances

JF - Science Advances

IS - 44

M1 - abb9103

ER -

Aerial strategies advance volcanic gas measurements at inaccessible, strongly degassing volcanoes

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Aerial strategies advance volcanic gas measurements at inaccessible, strongly degassing volcanoes

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