An analytical model of energy distribution in laser direct metal deposition

Andrew Pinkerton; A. J. Pinkerton; L. Li

doi:10.1243/095440504323055498

An analytical model of energy distribution in laser direct metal deposition

Andrew Pinkerton, A. J. Pinkerton, L. Li

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

The direct metal deposition (DMD) process is suitable for functional rapid prototyping, rapid tooling and part refurbishment, and can be operated with CO2, Nd:YAG (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet) or high-power diode lasers. In this work, a quasi-stationary coaxial DMD system is modelled in terms of power balances. Novel modelling methods and matching to experimental results are used to derive a series of equations, from which the power distribution, melt pool length and mean melt pool temperature can be derived for different initial laser powers, system parameters and build material properties. The model is applied to a real system and predicts results in agreement with established values. The model highlights laser radiation reflection from the melt pool and conduction to the substrate as the major power distribution routes and reveals the importance of evaporation losses from the melt pool at higher laser powers. Application of the model is able to explain some of the differences in the process found when using alternative types of lasers as the power source. © IMechE 2004.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	363-374
Number of pages	11
Journal	Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture
Volume	218
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1243/095440504323055498
Publication status	Published - Apr 2004

Keywords

Cladding
Deposition
Energy distribution
Laser
Metal
Modelling
Rapid prototyping

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1243/095440504323055498

LPRC: Laser Processing Research Centre Impact
Allegre, O. (PI), Crosby, D. (PI), Domingos, M. (PI), Francis, J. (PI), Gillen, D. (PI), Guo, W. (PI), Li, L. (PI), Mativenga, P. (PI), Rogers, B. D. (PI), Whitehead, D. (PI), Wilson, D. (PI), Zhong, S. (PI), Mirhosseini, N. (Researcher), Ouyang, J. (Researcher), Huang, Y. (Researcher), Wei, C. (Researcher), Cheng, D. (PGR student), Suryo Pratomo, E. (PGR student), Zhang, Z. (PGR student), Li, Z. (PGR student), Mo, H. (PGR student), Zhu, M. (PGR student), Li, Q. (PGR student), Liu, W. (PGR student), Wang, L. (PGR student), Guo, H. (PGR student), Heinemann, R. (PI) & Liu, Z. (PI)
1/04/00 → …
Project: Research

Cite this

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title = "An analytical model of energy distribution in laser direct metal deposition",

abstract = "The direct metal deposition (DMD) process is suitable for functional rapid prototyping, rapid tooling and part refurbishment, and can be operated with CO2, Nd:YAG (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet) or high-power diode lasers. In this work, a quasi-stationary coaxial DMD system is modelled in terms of power balances. Novel modelling methods and matching to experimental results are used to derive a series of equations, from which the power distribution, melt pool length and mean melt pool temperature can be derived for different initial laser powers, system parameters and build material properties. The model is applied to a real system and predicts results in agreement with established values. The model highlights laser radiation reflection from the melt pool and conduction to the substrate as the major power distribution routes and reveals the importance of evaporation losses from the melt pool at higher laser powers. Application of the model is able to explain some of the differences in the process found when using alternative types of lasers as the power source. {\textcopyright} IMechE 2004.",

keywords = "Cladding, Deposition, Energy distribution, Laser, Metal, Modelling, Rapid prototyping",

author = "Andrew Pinkerton and Pinkerton, {A. J.} and L. Li",

year = "2004",

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doi = "10.1243/095440504323055498",

language = "English",

volume = "218",

pages = "363--374",

journal = "Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture",

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T1 - An analytical model of energy distribution in laser direct metal deposition

AU - Pinkerton, Andrew

AU - Pinkerton, A. J.

AU - Li, L.

PY - 2004/4

Y1 - 2004/4

N2 - The direct metal deposition (DMD) process is suitable for functional rapid prototyping, rapid tooling and part refurbishment, and can be operated with CO2, Nd:YAG (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet) or high-power diode lasers. In this work, a quasi-stationary coaxial DMD system is modelled in terms of power balances. Novel modelling methods and matching to experimental results are used to derive a series of equations, from which the power distribution, melt pool length and mean melt pool temperature can be derived for different initial laser powers, system parameters and build material properties. The model is applied to a real system and predicts results in agreement with established values. The model highlights laser radiation reflection from the melt pool and conduction to the substrate as the major power distribution routes and reveals the importance of evaporation losses from the melt pool at higher laser powers. Application of the model is able to explain some of the differences in the process found when using alternative types of lasers as the power source. © IMechE 2004.

AB - The direct metal deposition (DMD) process is suitable for functional rapid prototyping, rapid tooling and part refurbishment, and can be operated with CO2, Nd:YAG (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet) or high-power diode lasers. In this work, a quasi-stationary coaxial DMD system is modelled in terms of power balances. Novel modelling methods and matching to experimental results are used to derive a series of equations, from which the power distribution, melt pool length and mean melt pool temperature can be derived for different initial laser powers, system parameters and build material properties. The model is applied to a real system and predicts results in agreement with established values. The model highlights laser radiation reflection from the melt pool and conduction to the substrate as the major power distribution routes and reveals the importance of evaporation losses from the melt pool at higher laser powers. Application of the model is able to explain some of the differences in the process found when using alternative types of lasers as the power source. © IMechE 2004.

KW - Cladding

KW - Deposition

KW - Energy distribution

KW - Laser

KW - Metal

KW - Modelling

KW - Rapid prototyping

U2 - 10.1243/095440504323055498

DO - 10.1243/095440504323055498

M3 - Article

SN - 0954-4054

VL - 218

SP - 363

EP - 374

JO - Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture

JF - Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture

IS - 4

ER -

An analytical model of energy distribution in laser direct metal deposition

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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Projects

LPRC: Laser Processing Research Centre Impact

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