An interlaboratory study of TEX86 and BIT analysis of sediments, extracts, and standard mixtures

Stefan Schouten; Ellen C Hopmans; Antoni Rosell-Mele; Ann Pearson; Pierre Adam; Thorsten Bauersachs; Edouard Bard; Stefano M Bernasconi; Thomas S Bianchi; Jochen J Brocks; Laura Truxal Carlson; Isla S Castaneda; Sylvie Derenne; Ayça Doğrul Selver; Koushik Dutta; Timothy Eglinton; Celine Fosse; Valier Galy; Kliti Grice; Kai-Uwe Hinrichs; Yongsong Huang; Arnaud Huguet; Carme Huguet; Sarah Hurley; Anitra Ingalls; Guodong Jia; Brendan Keely; Chris Knappy; Miyuki Kondo; Srinath Krishnan; Sara Lincoln; Julius Lipp; Kai Mangelsdorf; Alfredo Martinez-Garcia; Guillemette Menot; Anchelique Mets; Gesine Mollenhauer; Naohiko Ohkouchi; Jort Ossebaar; Mark Pagani; Richard D Pancost; Emma J Pearson; Francien Peterse; Gert-Jan Reichart; Philippe Schaeffer; Gaby Schmitt; Lorenz Schwark; Sunita R Shah; Richard W Smith; Rienk H Smittenberg; Roger E Summons; Yoshinori Takano; Helen M Talbot; Kyle W R Taylor; Rafael Tarozo; Masao Uchida; Bart Van Dongen; Benjamin A S Van Mooy; Jinxiang Wang; Courtney Warren; Johan W H Weijers; Josef P Werne; Martijn Woltering; Shucheng Xie; Masanobu Yamamoto; Huan Yang; Chuanlun L Zhang; Yige Zhang; Meixun Zhao; Jaap S Sinninghe Damsté

doi:10.1002/2013gc004904

An interlaboratory study of TEX86 and BIT analysis of sediments, extracts, and standard mixtures

Stefan Schouten, Ellen C Hopmans, Antoni Rosell-Mele, Ann Pearson, Pierre Adam, Thorsten Bauersachs, Edouard Bard, Stefano M Bernasconi, Thomas S Bianchi, Jochen J Brocks, Laura Truxal Carlson, Isla S Castaneda, Sylvie Derenne, Ayça Doğrul Selver, Koushik Dutta, Timothy Eglinton, Celine Fosse, Valier Galy, Kliti Grice, Kai-Uwe HinrichsYongsong Huang, Arnaud Huguet, Carme Huguet, Sarah Hurley, Anitra Ingalls, Guodong Jia, Brendan Keely, Chris Knappy, Miyuki Kondo, Srinath Krishnan, Sara Lincoln, Julius Lipp, Kai Mangelsdorf, Alfredo Martinez-Garcia, Guillemette Menot, Anchelique Mets, Gesine Mollenhauer, Naohiko Ohkouchi, Jort Ossebaar, Mark Pagani, Richard D Pancost, Emma J Pearson, Francien Peterse, Gert-Jan Reichart, Philippe Schaeffer, Gaby Schmitt, Lorenz Schwark, Sunita R Shah, Richard W Smith, Rienk H Smittenberg, Roger E Summons, Yoshinori Takano, Helen M Talbot, Kyle W R Taylor, Rafael Tarozo, Masao Uchida, Bart Van Dongen, Benjamin A S Van Mooy, Jinxiang Wang, Courtney Warren, Johan W H Weijers, Josef P Werne, Martijn Woltering, Shucheng Xie, Masanobu Yamamoto, Huan Yang, Chuanlun L Zhang, Yige Zhang, Meixun Zhao, Jaap S Sinninghe Damsté

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Abstract

Two commonly used proxies based on the distribution of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) are the TEX86 (TetraEther indeX of 86 carbon atoms) paleothermometer for sea surface temperature reconstructions and the BIT (Branched Isoprenoid Tetraether) index for reconstructing soil organic matter input to the ocean. An initial round-robin study of two sediment extracts, in which 15 laboratories participated, showed relatively consistent TEX86 values (reproducibility +/- 3-4 degrees C when translated to temperature) but a large spread in BIT measurements (reproducibility +/- 0.41 on a scale of 0-1). Here we report results of a second round-robin study with 35 laboratories in which three sediments, one sediment extract, and two mixtures of pure, isolated GDGTs were analyzed. The results for TEX86 and BIT index showed improvement compared to the previous round-robin study. The reproducibility, indicating interlaboratory variation, of TEX86 values ranged from 1.3 to 3.0 degrees C when translated to temperature. These results are similar to those of other temperature proxies used in paleoceanography. Comparison of the results obtained from one of the three sediments showed that TEX86 and BIT indices are not significantly affected by interlaboratory differences in sediment extraction techniques. BIT values of the sediments and extracts were at the extremes of the index with values close to 0 or 1, and showed good reproducibility (ranging from 0.013 to 0.042). However, the measured BIT values for the two GDGT mixtures, with known molar ratios of crenarchaeol and branched GDGTs, had intermediate BIT values and showed poor reproducibility and a large overestimation of the true (i.e., molar-based) BIT index. The latter is likely due to, among other factors, the higher mass spectrometric response of branched GDGTs compared to crenarchaeol, which also varies among mass spectrometers. Correction for this different mass spectrometric response showed a considerable improvement in the reproducibility of BIT index measurements among laboratories, as well as a substantially improved estimation of molar-based BIT values. This suggests that standard mixtures should be used in order to obtain consistent, and molar-based, BIT values.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	5263-5285
Number of pages	23
Journal	Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems
Volume	14
Issue number	12
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/2013gc004904
Publication status	Published - 2013

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10.1002/2013gc004904

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Schouten, S., Hopmans, E. C., Rosell-Mele, A., Pearson, A., Adam, P., Bauersachs, T., Bard, E., Bernasconi, S. M., Bianchi, T. S., Brocks, J. J., Carlson, L. T., Castaneda, I. S., Derenne, S., Doğrul Selver, A., Dutta, K., Eglinton, T., Fosse, C., Galy, V., Grice, K., ... Sinninghe Damsté, J. S. (2013). An interlaboratory study of TEX86 and BIT analysis of sediments, extracts, and standard mixtures. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 14(12), 5263-5285. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013gc004904

@article{7801358272df4a08aaeeaeb815f6590c,

title = "An interlaboratory study of TEX86 and BIT analysis of sediments, extracts, and standard mixtures",

abstract = "Two commonly used proxies based on the distribution of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) are the TEX86 (TetraEther indeX of 86 carbon atoms) paleothermometer for sea surface temperature reconstructions and the BIT (Branched Isoprenoid Tetraether) index for reconstructing soil organic matter input to the ocean. An initial round-robin study of two sediment extracts, in which 15 laboratories participated, showed relatively consistent TEX86 values (reproducibility +/- 3-4 degrees C when translated to temperature) but a large spread in BIT measurements (reproducibility +/- 0.41 on a scale of 0-1). Here we report results of a second round-robin study with 35 laboratories in which three sediments, one sediment extract, and two mixtures of pure, isolated GDGTs were analyzed. The results for TEX86 and BIT index showed improvement compared to the previous round-robin study. The reproducibility, indicating interlaboratory variation, of TEX86 values ranged from 1.3 to 3.0 degrees C when translated to temperature. These results are similar to those of other temperature proxies used in paleoceanography. Comparison of the results obtained from one of the three sediments showed that TEX86 and BIT indices are not significantly affected by interlaboratory differences in sediment extraction techniques. BIT values of the sediments and extracts were at the extremes of the index with values close to 0 or 1, and showed good reproducibility (ranging from 0.013 to 0.042). However, the measured BIT values for the two GDGT mixtures, with known molar ratios of crenarchaeol and branched GDGTs, had intermediate BIT values and showed poor reproducibility and a large overestimation of the true (i.e., molar-based) BIT index. The latter is likely due to, among other factors, the higher mass spectrometric response of branched GDGTs compared to crenarchaeol, which also varies among mass spectrometers. Correction for this different mass spectrometric response showed a considerable improvement in the reproducibility of BIT index measurements among laboratories, as well as a substantially improved estimation of molar-based BIT values. This suggests that standard mixtures should be used in order to obtain consistent, and molar-based, BIT values.",

author = "Stefan Schouten and Hopmans, {Ellen C} and Antoni Rosell-Mele and Ann Pearson and Pierre Adam and Thorsten Bauersachs and Edouard Bard and Bernasconi, {Stefano M} and Bianchi, {Thomas S} and Brocks, {Jochen J} and Carlson, {Laura Truxal} and Castaneda, {Isla S} and Sylvie Derenne and {Doğrul Selver}, Ay{\c c}a and Koushik Dutta and Timothy Eglinton and Celine Fosse and Valier Galy and Kliti Grice and Kai-Uwe Hinrichs and Yongsong Huang and Arnaud Huguet and Carme Huguet and Sarah Hurley and Anitra Ingalls and Guodong Jia and Brendan Keely and Chris Knappy and Miyuki Kondo and Srinath Krishnan and Sara Lincoln and Julius Lipp and Kai Mangelsdorf and Alfredo Martinez-Garcia and Guillemette Menot and Anchelique Mets and Gesine Mollenhauer and Naohiko Ohkouchi and Jort Ossebaar and Mark Pagani and Pancost, {Richard D} and Pearson, {Emma J} and Francien Peterse and Gert-Jan Reichart and Philippe Schaeffer and Gaby Schmitt and Lorenz Schwark and Shah, {Sunita R} and Smith, {Richard W} and Smittenberg, {Rienk H} and Summons, {Roger E} and Yoshinori Takano and Talbot, {Helen M} and Taylor, {Kyle W R} and Rafael Tarozo and Masao Uchida and {Van Dongen}, Bart and {Van Mooy}, {Benjamin A S} and Jinxiang Wang and Courtney Warren and Weijers, {Johan W H} and Werne, {Josef P} and Martijn Woltering and Shucheng Xie and Masanobu Yamamoto and Huan Yang and Zhang, {Chuanlun L} and Yige Zhang and Meixun Zhao and {Sinninghe Damst{\'e}}, {Jaap S}",

note = "Times Cited: 5",

year = "2013",

doi = "10.1002/2013gc004904",

language = "English",

volume = "14",

pages = "5263--5285",

journal = "Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems",

issn = "1525-2027",

publisher = "American Geophysical Union ",

number = "12",

}

Schouten, S, Hopmans, EC, Rosell-Mele, A, Pearson, A, Adam, P, Bauersachs, T, Bard, E, Bernasconi, SM, Bianchi, TS, Brocks, JJ, Carlson, LT, Castaneda, IS, Derenne, S, Doğrul Selver, A, Dutta, K, Eglinton, T, Fosse, C, Galy, V, Grice, K, Hinrichs, K-U, Huang, Y, Huguet, A, Huguet, C, Hurley, S, Ingalls, A, Jia, G, Keely, B, Knappy, C, Kondo, M, Krishnan, S, Lincoln, S, Lipp, J, Mangelsdorf, K, Martinez-Garcia, A, Menot, G, Mets, A, Mollenhauer, G, Ohkouchi, N, Ossebaar, J, Pagani, M, Pancost, RD, Pearson, EJ, Peterse, F, Reichart, G-J, Schaeffer, P, Schmitt, G, Schwark, L, Shah, SR, Smith, RW, Smittenberg, RH, Summons, RE, Takano, Y, Talbot, HM, Taylor, KWR, Tarozo, R, Uchida, M, Van Dongen, B, Van Mooy, BAS, Wang, J, Warren, C, Weijers, JWH, Werne, JP, Woltering, M, Xie, S, Yamamoto, M, Yang, H, Zhang, CL, Zhang, Y, Zhao, M & Sinninghe Damsté, JS 2013, 'An interlaboratory study of TEX86 and BIT analysis of sediments, extracts, and standard mixtures', Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 5263-5285. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013gc004904

TY - JOUR

T1 - An interlaboratory study of TEX86 and BIT analysis of sediments, extracts, and standard mixtures

AU - Schouten, Stefan

AU - Hopmans, Ellen C

AU - Rosell-Mele, Antoni

AU - Pearson, Ann

AU - Adam, Pierre

AU - Bauersachs, Thorsten

AU - Bard, Edouard

AU - Bernasconi, Stefano M

AU - Bianchi, Thomas S

AU - Brocks, Jochen J

AU - Carlson, Laura Truxal

AU - Castaneda, Isla S

AU - Derenne, Sylvie

AU - Doğrul Selver, Ayça

AU - Dutta, Koushik

AU - Eglinton, Timothy

AU - Fosse, Celine

AU - Galy, Valier

AU - Grice, Kliti

AU - Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe

AU - Huang, Yongsong

AU - Huguet, Arnaud

AU - Huguet, Carme

AU - Hurley, Sarah

AU - Ingalls, Anitra

AU - Jia, Guodong

AU - Keely, Brendan

AU - Knappy, Chris

AU - Kondo, Miyuki

AU - Krishnan, Srinath

AU - Lincoln, Sara

AU - Lipp, Julius

AU - Mangelsdorf, Kai

AU - Martinez-Garcia, Alfredo

AU - Menot, Guillemette

AU - Mets, Anchelique

AU - Mollenhauer, Gesine

AU - Ohkouchi, Naohiko

AU - Ossebaar, Jort

AU - Pagani, Mark

AU - Pancost, Richard D

AU - Pearson, Emma J

AU - Peterse, Francien

AU - Reichart, Gert-Jan

AU - Schaeffer, Philippe

AU - Schmitt, Gaby

AU - Schwark, Lorenz

AU - Shah, Sunita R

AU - Smith, Richard W

AU - Smittenberg, Rienk H

AU - Summons, Roger E

AU - Takano, Yoshinori

AU - Talbot, Helen M

AU - Taylor, Kyle W R

AU - Tarozo, Rafael

AU - Uchida, Masao

AU - Van Dongen, Bart

AU - Van Mooy, Benjamin A S

AU - Wang, Jinxiang

AU - Warren, Courtney

AU - Weijers, Johan W H

AU - Werne, Josef P

AU - Woltering, Martijn

AU - Xie, Shucheng

AU - Yamamoto, Masanobu

AU - Yang, Huan

AU - Zhang, Chuanlun L

AU - Zhang, Yige

AU - Zhao, Meixun

AU - Sinninghe Damsté, Jaap S

N1 - Times Cited: 5

PY - 2013

Y1 - 2013

N2 - Two commonly used proxies based on the distribution of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) are the TEX86 (TetraEther indeX of 86 carbon atoms) paleothermometer for sea surface temperature reconstructions and the BIT (Branched Isoprenoid Tetraether) index for reconstructing soil organic matter input to the ocean. An initial round-robin study of two sediment extracts, in which 15 laboratories participated, showed relatively consistent TEX86 values (reproducibility +/- 3-4 degrees C when translated to temperature) but a large spread in BIT measurements (reproducibility +/- 0.41 on a scale of 0-1). Here we report results of a second round-robin study with 35 laboratories in which three sediments, one sediment extract, and two mixtures of pure, isolated GDGTs were analyzed. The results for TEX86 and BIT index showed improvement compared to the previous round-robin study. The reproducibility, indicating interlaboratory variation, of TEX86 values ranged from 1.3 to 3.0 degrees C when translated to temperature. These results are similar to those of other temperature proxies used in paleoceanography. Comparison of the results obtained from one of the three sediments showed that TEX86 and BIT indices are not significantly affected by interlaboratory differences in sediment extraction techniques. BIT values of the sediments and extracts were at the extremes of the index with values close to 0 or 1, and showed good reproducibility (ranging from 0.013 to 0.042). However, the measured BIT values for the two GDGT mixtures, with known molar ratios of crenarchaeol and branched GDGTs, had intermediate BIT values and showed poor reproducibility and a large overestimation of the true (i.e., molar-based) BIT index. The latter is likely due to, among other factors, the higher mass spectrometric response of branched GDGTs compared to crenarchaeol, which also varies among mass spectrometers. Correction for this different mass spectrometric response showed a considerable improvement in the reproducibility of BIT index measurements among laboratories, as well as a substantially improved estimation of molar-based BIT values. This suggests that standard mixtures should be used in order to obtain consistent, and molar-based, BIT values.

AB - Two commonly used proxies based on the distribution of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) are the TEX86 (TetraEther indeX of 86 carbon atoms) paleothermometer for sea surface temperature reconstructions and the BIT (Branched Isoprenoid Tetraether) index for reconstructing soil organic matter input to the ocean. An initial round-robin study of two sediment extracts, in which 15 laboratories participated, showed relatively consistent TEX86 values (reproducibility +/- 3-4 degrees C when translated to temperature) but a large spread in BIT measurements (reproducibility +/- 0.41 on a scale of 0-1). Here we report results of a second round-robin study with 35 laboratories in which three sediments, one sediment extract, and two mixtures of pure, isolated GDGTs were analyzed. The results for TEX86 and BIT index showed improvement compared to the previous round-robin study. The reproducibility, indicating interlaboratory variation, of TEX86 values ranged from 1.3 to 3.0 degrees C when translated to temperature. These results are similar to those of other temperature proxies used in paleoceanography. Comparison of the results obtained from one of the three sediments showed that TEX86 and BIT indices are not significantly affected by interlaboratory differences in sediment extraction techniques. BIT values of the sediments and extracts were at the extremes of the index with values close to 0 or 1, and showed good reproducibility (ranging from 0.013 to 0.042). However, the measured BIT values for the two GDGT mixtures, with known molar ratios of crenarchaeol and branched GDGTs, had intermediate BIT values and showed poor reproducibility and a large overestimation of the true (i.e., molar-based) BIT index. The latter is likely due to, among other factors, the higher mass spectrometric response of branched GDGTs compared to crenarchaeol, which also varies among mass spectrometers. Correction for this different mass spectrometric response showed a considerable improvement in the reproducibility of BIT index measurements among laboratories, as well as a substantially improved estimation of molar-based BIT values. This suggests that standard mixtures should be used in order to obtain consistent, and molar-based, BIT values.

U2 - 10.1002/2013gc004904

DO - 10.1002/2013gc004904

M3 - Article

SN - 1525-2027

VL - 14

SP - 5263

EP - 5285

JO - Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems

JF - Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems

IS - 12

ER -

An interlaboratory study of TEX86 and BIT analysis of sediments, extracts, and standard mixtures

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