Analysis of carbon-dioxide emissions from transport aircraft

The problem of allocation of fuel consumption and carbon-dioxide emissions from transport aircraft is presented. An accurate comprehensive program for transport aircraft has been developed. The model includes a geometry deck with 12 subsystems, a separate engine input deck with basic parameters, a database of engine performance from independent simulation, an aerodynamics model for all flight conditions, and an operational deck. Validation of the model is discussed from the point of view of aerodynamics and payload-range performance. The aircraft considered are the Boeing B-737-500, B-747-400, and B-777-300, and the Airbus A340-300. Parametric studies are shown in terms of flight distance, passenger load, baggage allowance, operation with an en route stop, and direct flight. Calculations of best flight range and average passenger load have been considered. Data are presented in matrix form to be used for allocation of carbon dioxide in carbon trading schemes and for the critical evaluation of emissions from civil and commercial operations. It is shown that emissions per passenger per nautical mile range from 0.5 to 1.5 times the reference conditions, which is taken from the design range at full passenger load. It is also shown that fuel and emission savings can be achieved from optimal flight distance.