Application of EIS to In Situ Characterization of Hydrothermal Sealing of Anodized Aluminum Alloys: Comparison between Hexavalent Chromium-Based Sealing, Hot Water Sealing and Cerium-Based Sealing

Chromic acid anodizing has been used for almost a century to enhance corrosion protection of aerospace alloys. For some applications,
hydrothermal sealing in hexavalent chromium-containing solution is required to enhance further the corrosion resistance but, due to
environmental concerns, the use of hexavalent chromium must be discontinued. Good progress has been made to replace chromates
during anodizing but comparatively less effort has focused on the sealing process. In this work, for the first time, electrochemical
impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been used to characterize in-situ the sealing processes occurring during hot water sealing,
sodium chromate sealing and cerium sealing. The results suggest that the processes occurring during sodium chromate sealing are
significantly different compared to hot water and cerium sealing. In particular, during chromate sealing, the porous skeleton is
significantly attacked, suggesting that the anticorrosion performance is likely to arise from the residuals of chromate rather than from
the improvement of the barrier properties. In contrast, during hot water sealing, little attack occurs on the porous skeleton, and the
improved corrosion protection is due to the enhanced barrier effect. During cerium sealing, precipitation of cerium products occurs,
providing an inhibitor reservoir, and little, if any, attack occurs on the pre-existing oxide.