@article{5b57e3ea134d485a967521c88f31da39,
title = "Association of Habitual Physical Activity With Home Blood Pressure in the Electronic Framingham Heart Study (eFHS): Cross-sectional Study",
abstract = "BACKGROUND: When studied in community-based samples, the association of physical activity with blood pressure (BP) remains controversial and is perhaps dependent on the intensity of physical activity. Prior studies have not explored the association of smartwatch-measured physical activity with home BP.OBJECTIVE: We aimed to study the association of habitual physical activity with home BP.METHODS: Consenting electronic Framingham Heart Study (eFHS) participants were provided with a study smartwatch (Apple Watch Series 0) and Bluetooth-enabled home BP cuff. Participants were instructed to wear the watch daily and transmit BP values weekly. We measured habitual physical activity as the average daily step count determined by the smartwatch. We estimated the cross-sectional association between physical activity and average home BP using linear mixed effects models adjusting for age, sex, wear time, antihypertensive drug use, and familial structure.RESULTS: We studied 660 eFHS participants (mean age 53 years, SD 9 years; 387 [58.6%] women; 602 [91.2%] White) who wore the smartwatch 5 or more hours per day for 30 or more days and transmitted three or more BP readings. The mean daily step count was 7595 (SD 2718). The mean home systolic and diastolic BP (mmHg) were 122 (SD 12) and 76 (SD 8). Every 1000 increase in the step count was associated with a 0.49 mmHg lower home systolic BP (P=.004) and 0.36 mmHg lower home diastolic BP (P=.003). The association, however, was attenuated and became statistically nonsignificant with further adjustment for BMI.CONCLUSIONS: In this community-based sample of adults, higher daily habitual physical activity measured by a smartwatch was associated with a moderate, but statistically significant, reduction in home BP. Differences in BMI among study participants accounted for the majority of the observed association.",
keywords = "Adult, Blood Pressure, Cross-Sectional Studies, Electronics, Exercise, Female, Humans, Hypertension/epidemiology, Longitudinal Studies, Middle Aged",
author = "Mayank Sardana and Honghuang Lin and Yuankai Zhang and Chunyu Liu and Ludovic Trinquart and Benjamin, {Emelia J} and Manders, {Emily S} and Kelsey Fusco and Jelena Kornej and Hammond, {Michael M} and Nicole Spartano and Pathiravasan, {Chathurangi H} and Vik Kheterpal and Christopher Nowak and Belinda Borrelli and Murabito, {Joanne M} and McManus, {David D}",
note = "Funding Information: DDM discloses equity stakes or consulting relationships with Flexcon, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Boston Biomedical Associates, Pfizer, and Samsung, and research support from Sanofi Aventis, Otsuka Pharmaceuticals, Philips Healthcare, Biotronik, Bristol Myers Squibb, Boeringher Ingelheim, and Pfizer. DDM has an inventor stake in Mobile Sense Technologies, LLC. VK is a principal, and CN is an employee of CareEvolution, Inc, a health care technology company (https://careevolution.com). Apple was not involved in the study design, analysis, interpretation, or reporting of the study results. Starting 2020, EJB has been an uncompensated member for MyHeartLab Steering Committee, a primary investigator-initiated study from Samsung in the University of California San Francisco (PI: Jeffrey Olgin, MD). NS received funding from Novo Nordisk for an investigator-initiated research grant unrelated to the current paper. Other authors have no relevant disclosures. Funding Information: The Apple Watches were provided to Boston University by Apple, Inc at no cost to the study. This study was supported by an award from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (number 74624) and a grant from the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (R01HL141434, HHSN268201500001I). Investigator time was supported from the following grants: R01HL126911 (EJB), 2R01 HL092577 (EJB), 2U54HL120163 (EJB), R01HL126911 (DDM), R01HL137734 (DDM), R01HL137794 (DDM), and R01HL13660 (DDM). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Mayank Sardana, Honghuang Lin, Yuankai Zhang, Chunyu Liu, Ludovic Trinquart, Emelia J Benjamin, Emily S Manders, Kelsey Fusco, Jelena Kornej, Michael M Hammond, Nicole Spartano, Chathurangi H Pathiravasan, Vik Kheterpal, Christopher Nowak, Belinda Borrelli, Joanne M Murabito, David D McManus. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (https://www.jmir.org), 24.06.2021. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on https://www.jmir.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.",
year = "2021",
month = jun,
day = "24",
doi = "10.2196/25591",
language = "English",
volume = "23",
journal = "JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH",
issn = "1439-4456",
publisher = "JMIR Publications Inc",
number = "6",
}