TY - JOUR
T1 - Associations between particulate matter elements and early-life pneumonia in seven birth cohorts: results from the ESCAPE and TRANSPHORM projects.
AU - Fuertes, Elaine
AU - MacIntyre, Elaina
AU - Agius, Raymond
AU - Beelen, Rob
AU - Brunekreef, Bert
AU - Bucci, Simone
AU - Cesaroni, Giulia
AU - Cirach, Marta
AU - Cyrys, Josef
AU - Forastiere, Francesco
AU - Gehring, Ulrike
AU - Gruzieva, Olena
AU - Hoffmann, Barbara
AU - Jedynska, Aleksandra
AU - Keuken, Menno
AU - Klümper, Claudia
AU - Kooter, Ingeborg
AU - Korek, Michal
AU - Krämer, Ursula
AU - Molter, Anna
AU - Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark
AU - Pershagen, Göran
AU - Porta, Daniela
AU - Postma, Dirkje S
AU - Simpson, Angela
AU - Smit, Henriette A
AU - Sugiri, Dorothea
AU - Sunyer, Jordi
AU - Wang, Meng
AU - Heinrich, Joachim
N1 - G0601361, Medical Research Council, United Kingdom
PY - 2014/11
Y1 - 2014/11
N2 - Evidence for a role of long-term particulate matter exposure on acute respiratory infections is growing. However, which components of particulate matter may be causative remains largely unknown. We assessed associations between eight particulate matter elements and early-life pneumonia in seven birth cohort studies (N total=15,980): BAMSE (Sweden), GASPII (Italy), GINIplus and LISAplus (Germany), INMA (Spain), MAAS (United Kingdom) and PIAMA (The Netherlands). Annual average exposure to copper, iron, potassium, nickel, sulfur, silicon, vanadium and zinc, each respectively derived from particles with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 10 μm (PM10) and 2.5 μm (PM2.5), were estimated using standardized land use regression models and assigned to birth addresses. Cohort-specific associations between these exposures and parental reports of physician-diagnosed pneumonia between birth and two years were assessed using logistic regression models adjusted for host and environmental covariates and total PM10 or PM2.5 mass. Combined estimates were calculated using random-effects meta-analysis. There was substantial within and between-cohort variability in element concentrations. In the adjusted meta-analysis, pneumonia was weakly associated with zinc derived from PM10 (OR: 1.47 (95% CI: 0.99, 2.18) per 20 ng/m(3) increase). No other associations with the other elements were consistently observed. The independent effect of particulate matter mass remained after adjustment for element concentrations. In conclusion, associations between particulate matter mass exposure and pneumonia were not explained by the elements we investigated. Zinc from PM10 was the only element which appeared independently associated with a higher risk of early-life pneumonia. As zinc is primarily attributable to non-tailpipe traffic emissions, these results may suggest a potential adverse effect of non-tailpipe emissions on health.
AB - Evidence for a role of long-term particulate matter exposure on acute respiratory infections is growing. However, which components of particulate matter may be causative remains largely unknown. We assessed associations between eight particulate matter elements and early-life pneumonia in seven birth cohort studies (N total=15,980): BAMSE (Sweden), GASPII (Italy), GINIplus and LISAplus (Germany), INMA (Spain), MAAS (United Kingdom) and PIAMA (The Netherlands). Annual average exposure to copper, iron, potassium, nickel, sulfur, silicon, vanadium and zinc, each respectively derived from particles with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 10 μm (PM10) and 2.5 μm (PM2.5), were estimated using standardized land use regression models and assigned to birth addresses. Cohort-specific associations between these exposures and parental reports of physician-diagnosed pneumonia between birth and two years were assessed using logistic regression models adjusted for host and environmental covariates and total PM10 or PM2.5 mass. Combined estimates were calculated using random-effects meta-analysis. There was substantial within and between-cohort variability in element concentrations. In the adjusted meta-analysis, pneumonia was weakly associated with zinc derived from PM10 (OR: 1.47 (95% CI: 0.99, 2.18) per 20 ng/m(3) increase). No other associations with the other elements were consistently observed. The independent effect of particulate matter mass remained after adjustment for element concentrations. In conclusion, associations between particulate matter mass exposure and pneumonia were not explained by the elements we investigated. Zinc from PM10 was the only element which appeared independently associated with a higher risk of early-life pneumonia. As zinc is primarily attributable to non-tailpipe traffic emissions, these results may suggest a potential adverse effect of non-tailpipe emissions on health.
KW - Birth cohort
KW - Childhood pneumonia
KW - Elemental composition
KW - Meta-analysis
KW - Particulate matter
KW - Zinc
U2 - 10.1016/j.ijheh.2014.05.004
DO - 10.1016/j.ijheh.2014.05.004
M3 - Article
C2 - 24948353
SN - 1618-131X
VL - 217
JO - International journal of hygiene and environmental health
JF - International journal of hygiene and environmental health
IS - 8
ER -
