Automated cardiac coverage assessment in cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging using an explainable recurrent 3D dual-domain convolutional network

Background: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging has become a modality with superior power for the diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. One of the essential quality controls of CMR images is to investigate the complete cardiac coverage, which is necessary for the volumetric and functional assessment. Purpose: This study examines the full cardiac coverage using a 3D dual-domain convolutional model and then improves this model using an innovative explainable salient region detection model and a recurrent architecture. Methods: Salient regions are extracted from the short-axis cine CMR stacks using a three-step proposed algorithm. Changing the architecture of the 3D dual-domain convolutional model to a recurrent one and taking advantage of the salient region detection model creates a kind of attention mechanism that leads to improved results. Results: The results obtained from the images of over 6200 participants of the UK Biobank population cohort study show the superiority of the proposed model over the previous studies. The dataset is the largest regarding the number of participants to control the cardiac coverage. The accuracies of the proposed model in identifying the presence/absence of basal/apical slices are 96.22% and 95.42%, respectively. Conclusion: The proposed recurrent architecture of the 3D dual-domain convolutional model can force the model to focus on the most informative areas of the images using the extracted salient regions, which can help the model improve accuracy. The performance of the proposed fully automated model indicates that it can be used for image quality control in population cohort datasets and real-time post-imaging quality assessments. Codes are available at https://github.com/mohammadhashemii/CMR_Cardiac_Coverage_Control.