Biocatalysis Using Immobilized Enzymes in Continuous Flow for the Synthesis of Fine Chemicals

Biocatalysis has emerged as one of the most promising technologies to enable green synthesis of important chemicals, due to the ambient conditions generally applied for these reactions. Nonetheless, a general uptake of enzymatic transformations has been hindered by the perceived high cost of recombinant proteins. Recent interest in continuous flow from the synthetic chemistry community has now begun to spread to biotransformations, with protein immobilization playing a key part. As a consequence, continuous biotransformations using immobilized enzymes are becoming more accessible to nonexperts. This review will discuss several recent examples of continuous biotransformations that use immobilization, with a focus on examples involving fine chemical synthesis. It will also examine some of the issues that the community has as a whole, most importantly a lack of unified reporting tools to allow comparison and assessment of the different techniques.