'Boats need Water and Tigers need Jungle’- Locally Constructed Corporate Social Responsibility in Thailand

Abstract
Purpose – This paper explores corporate social responsibility (CSR)in Thailand and analyses how CSR practice is informed by local values rather than merely driven by CSR practices designed in developed countries.

Design/methodology/approach – The analysis is based on a comparative series of interviews of Thai business leaders in 2009–10 and 2019–20 within the conceptual context of Thai CSR discourse/practice, especially Buddhist Economics.

Findings – This paper argues that CSR practice in Thailand is substantially informed by local socio-economic context, particularly Buddhist Economics, including the concepts of suffering (dukkha), the Eightfold Path of the Middle Way, and gifting and reciprocal exchange.

Research limitations/implications – Local contexts are crucial not only for understanding local models of CSR but also for challenging what has been perceived as an imperialistic neo-liberal agenda in western-originating CSR.

Practical implications – The wider practical implications of this paper are that, like Thailand, CSR practices in other developing economies and emerging markets (DEEMs) may also have their own distinctive ‘local’
origins, contexts and developments which need to be considered.

Social implications – The social implications of this paper are that local context is determinant in the development of CSR practice, especially in DEEMs.

Originality/value – This paper contributes to the CSR literature by highlighting the often-marginalised existence of local CSR context and practice in DEEMs and questions CSR based solely on western theorisations.