BRCA1 and BRCA2: Role in breast cancer

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy affecting women worldwide. It is one of the foremost reasons for death in women nowadays. BRCA1/2 associated breast cancers have distinctive features that vary from other cancers, comprising alterations in cellular molecules, pathological bases, biological behaviour, and a different prevention strategy. BRCA1 is a multifunctional protein that has been associated in many cellular processes, including genomic stability, the cell-cycle checkpoint, DNA-damage repair, apoptosis, and gene transcription. Germline mutations in the tumour-suppressor gene BRCA2 incline to breast cancer. BRCA2 plays a firm role in maintaining genome stability by regulating homologous recombination. BRCA2 more in recent times has been implicated in cytokinesis, the final step of cell division, but the molecular basis for these remains unknown.