Case studies on the usability, acceptability and functionality of autonomous mobile delivery robots in real-world healthcare settings

Autonomous mobile delivery robots are used as a way to improve efficiency in hospitals and reduce staff workload amongst a growing workforce shortage in healthcare. These two case studies investigated the usability, acceptability and functionality of two GoCart delivery robots at two different healthcare settings. The GoCart robots assisted with delivering blood and urine samples at a pathology laboratory and delivering meals at a residential care facility during a two-week period. A total of 50 participants (direct and secondary users, and managers) were interviewed about their experiences with the robot and answered questions about its design and functionality, safety and security, usability and their overall attitudes towards having the robot at their facility. Results showed that the participants from both sites thought the robots could be a good addition to their facilities to improve efficiency and reduce staff workload. The robot was received more positively at the residential care facility than the pathology laboratory. Improvements still need to be made to adapt the robots to each site before implementing the GoCarts long term, including changes to the size and screen. These case studies demonstrate that autonomous mobile delivery robots could be a useful addition to residential care facilities and pathology laboratory sites. Overall, this research adds to the current evidence showing potential uses for delivery robots and highlights important design considerations.