TY - JOUR
T1 - Clinical trials in cancer screening, prevention and early diagnosis (SPED): A systematic mapping review
AU - Merriel, Samuel
AU - O'Dowd, Emma
AU - Cheng, Vinton WT
AU - Khan, Sam
AU - Howells, Lynne
AU - Gopal, Dipesh
AU - Roundhill, Elizabeth
AU - Brennan, Paul
AU - Crosbie, Philip
AU - Neal, Richard D.
AU - Brown, Karen
AU - Crosbie, Emma
AU - Baldwin, David
N1 - Funding Information:
Conceptualisation: DRB, EOD and SWDM; Data curation: EOD, SWDM; Formal analysis; EOD, SWDM, VC, SK, LH, ER, DG; Funding acquisition: Access to Covidence was funded by the National Cancer Research Institute; Investigation: EOD, SWDM, VC, SK, LH, ER, DG; Methodology: EOD and SWDM; Project administration: EOD SWDM; Resources: Not applicable; Supervision: EOD, SWDM, DRB; Validation: EOD, SWDM, VC, SK, LH, ER, DG; Writing – original draft: EOD, SWDM, VC, SK, LH, ER, DG, DRB; Writing – review & editing: EOD, WDSM, VC, SK, LH, ER, DG, DRB, PMB, PAC, RDN, KB, EJC. EOD and SWDM contributed equally to this paper and are joint first authors. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript. The corresponding author attests that all listed authors meet authorship criteria and that no others meeting the criteria have been omitted.
Funding Information:
DRB reports honoraria from Astra Zeneca, MSD, MBS and Roche. PAC reports consulting fees/ honoraria from Everest Detection, Astra Zeneca, Novartis and stock/ stock options in Everest Detection Biotechnology. DPG reports payment/ honoraria from the Association for Medical Education in Europe (AMEE). He is supported by National Institute for Health Research: In-Practice Fellowship. EJC is supported by a National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Advanced Fellowship (NIHR300650) and the NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre (IS-BRC-1215–20007). All other authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023, BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2023/9/4
Y1 - 2023/9/4
N2 - Background: Global annual cancer incidence is forecast to rise to 27.5 M by 2040, a 62% increase from 2018. For most cancers, prevention and early detection are the most effective ways of reducing mortality. This study maps trials in cancer screening, prevention, and early diagnosis (SPED) to identify areas of unmet need and highlight research priorities. Methods: A systematic mapping review was conducted to evaluate all clinical trials focused on cancer SPED, irrespective of tumour type. The National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) portfolio, EMBASE, PubMed and Medline were searched for relevant papers published between 01/01/2007 and 01/04/2020. References were exported into Covidence software and double-screened. Data were extracted and mapped according to tumour site, geographical location, and intervention type. Results: One hundred seventeen thousand seven hundred one abstracts were screened, 5157 full texts reviewed, and 2888 studies included. 1184 (52%) trials focussed on screening, 554 (24%) prevention, 442 (20%) early diagnosis, and 85 (4%) a combination. Colorectal, breast, and cervical cancer comprised 61% of all studies compared with 6.4% in lung and 1.8% in liver cancer. The latter two are responsible for 26.3% of global cancer deaths compared with 19.3% for the former three. Number of studies varied markedly according to geographical location; 88% were based in North America, Europe, or Asia. Conclusions: This study shows clear disparities in the volume of research conducted across different tumour types and according to geographical location. These findings will help drive future research effort so that resources can be directed towards major challenges in cancer SPED.
AB - Background: Global annual cancer incidence is forecast to rise to 27.5 M by 2040, a 62% increase from 2018. For most cancers, prevention and early detection are the most effective ways of reducing mortality. This study maps trials in cancer screening, prevention, and early diagnosis (SPED) to identify areas of unmet need and highlight research priorities. Methods: A systematic mapping review was conducted to evaluate all clinical trials focused on cancer SPED, irrespective of tumour type. The National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) portfolio, EMBASE, PubMed and Medline were searched for relevant papers published between 01/01/2007 and 01/04/2020. References were exported into Covidence software and double-screened. Data were extracted and mapped according to tumour site, geographical location, and intervention type. Results: One hundred seventeen thousand seven hundred one abstracts were screened, 5157 full texts reviewed, and 2888 studies included. 1184 (52%) trials focussed on screening, 554 (24%) prevention, 442 (20%) early diagnosis, and 85 (4%) a combination. Colorectal, breast, and cervical cancer comprised 61% of all studies compared with 6.4% in lung and 1.8% in liver cancer. The latter two are responsible for 26.3% of global cancer deaths compared with 19.3% for the former three. Number of studies varied markedly according to geographical location; 88% were based in North America, Europe, or Asia. Conclusions: This study shows clear disparities in the volume of research conducted across different tumour types and according to geographical location. These findings will help drive future research effort so that resources can be directed towards major challenges in cancer SPED.
KW - Cancer
KW - Early detection of cancer
KW - Prevention
KW - Screening
KW - Systematic mapping
KW - Trials
U2 - 10.1186/s12885-023-11300-8
DO - 10.1186/s12885-023-11300-8
M3 - Article
C2 - 37667231
SN - 1471-2407
VL - 23
JO - BMC Cancer
JF - BMC Cancer
IS - 1
M1 - 820
ER -
