Compositional Changes in Oral Microbiota Diversity and Composition in Kidney Transplant Recipients and Donors: Exploring the Impact of Transplantation on Microbial Communities

Paul M. Campbell, Thomas Willmott, Gavin J. Humphreys, Oana Piscoran, Houda Chea, Angela M. Summers, Joanne E. Konkel, Chris G. Knight, Titus Augustine, Andrew Mcbain

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) may affect the human microbiome via increased concentrations of uremic toxins such as urea and creatinine. We have profiled the oral microbiota in patients with CKD before and one week after kidney transplantation. Living kidney donors were also longitudinally tracked over a similar period, allowing direct comparison between a group undergoing transplant surgery alone (donors) (n=13) and a group additionally undergoing the introduction of immunosuppressive agents and the resolution of CKD (recipients) (n=45). Transplantation was associated with significant decreases in alpha diversity of saliva, which occurred in both recipients and donors within one week of transplantation. Amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) associated with Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Aggregatibacteria segnis, Peptostreptococcus and Actinobacillus were significantly decreased in recipients within a week of transplantation. A reduction in ASVs in these genera could influence the risk of bacterial endocarditis, a rare but high-mortality kidney transplantation complication. A range of factors may drive the observed changes in oral microbiome including both factors associated with surgery itself and the decreases in salivary urea, administration of macrolide antibiotic immunosuppressants, and disruption to immune function that characterise kidney transplant.
Original languageEnglish
JournalFrontiers in Microbiomes
Publication statusAccepted/In press - 11 Sept 2023

Keywords

  • oral microbiome
  • kidney transplant
  • immunosuppression
  • surgery
  • renal allograft
  • chronic kidney disease
  • end-stage renal disease
  • infective endocarditis

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