Conceptual Data Stream Framework for Scope 3 Hybrid Modelling Using a Product Lifecycle Lens

Efforts to reach net-zero emissions, especially when tackling complex Scope 3 impacts, continue to pose significant challenges across high-value manufacturing sectors. This challenge is due to the complex global connectivity of manufacturing supply chains and fragmented data ecosystems. This paper proposes a conceptual product lifecycle-data stream framework to support insights needed for the accurate modelling of Scope 3 emissions. Our case study product is the harmonic shear, a single-use medical device that uses ultrasonic energy to cut and coagulate tissues simultaneously. We map out sources of emissions associated with each stage of the harmonic shear life cycle, from raw material extraction to the end of life of the product. We use a Sankey diagram to illustrate the material and carbon flows, stakeholders, the reliability of the data sources, and the assumptions made. The approach serves three purposes: first, to identify the data streams needed for Scope 3 emissions modelling; second, to improve the transparency and relevance of these data streams across the entire value chain; and finally, to support the integration of hybrid modelling techniques. This paper advances current literature on emissions modelling and can serve as a tool for researchers, manufacturers, auditors, and regulators seeking to gain insights from data streams as well as quantify, monitor, and reduce emissions generated in high-value manufacturing supply chains.