Contribution of emergency demand response and emergency loading of overhead lines in network resilience enhancements

High-impact low-probability weather hazards threaten the power network operation. One of the existing solutions is toreinforce the network with further investment, while the network hardening is restricted by environmental policies and financialconditions. Flexibility methods become increasingly important to enhance network reliability and resilience at low costs.Emergency loadings and probabilistic thermal ratings for overhead lines (OHLs) are the common flexibility options to thenetwork operators. So far, the reliability and resilience impacts of such operations of OHLs and their associated ageing risks arenot thoroughly investigated in the up-to-date literature. This study presents a novel resilience enhancement method againstwindstorms using available emergency demand response in the network and emergency loading of OHLs. The proposedmethodology framework can capture the enhancement of network resilience from emergency loading and emergency demandresponse to provide extra flexibility and minimise network ageing. It is a novel optimisation approach to quantify the trade-offbetween enhanced network resilience and ageing accounting for operators' preferences regarding the criticality of an individualline's ageing. The proposed method is applied on the IEEE 24 bus reliability test system with having network resilienceimprovements up to 39% in the conditional value at risk of the energy not supplied and ageing minimisation up to 44%.