Current-Modulation-based on-line Resonance Tuning Strategy for Linear Generator Drives

Min Zhang; Alexey Bodrov; Roger Shuttleworth; Matteo Iacchetti

doi:10.1109/TIE.2020.2978697

Current-Modulation-based on-line Resonance Tuning Strategy for Linear Generator Drives

Min Zhang, Alexey Bodrov, Roger Shuttleworth, Matteo Iacchetti

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Abstract

Linear Generators (LGs) are frequently used for energy harvesting with free-piston Stirling engines, thermoacoustic engines and wave energy converters.
This paper presents a control strategy to track and maintain LG resonance conditions in real time. The algorithm is based on the LG response to a low-frequency amplitude modulation of the current component in phase with the instantaneous position (d-axis). The averaged product of modulated airgap power and modulation signal is fed into a controller to adjust the d-axis current and restore resonance. The use of airgap power instead of dc power improves resonance tracking accuracy and eliminates steady-state low-frequency stroke oscillations. The paper presents a full theoretical analysis providing accurate steady-state and small-signal models for control synthesis. The broad experimental validation included in the paper proves that the control is able to restore resonance even when the force-source introduces significant additional mechanical impedance

Original language	English
Article number	9032374
Pages (from-to)	2812-2822
Number of pages	11
Journal	IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
Volume	68
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2020.2978697
Publication status	Published - Apr 2021

Keywords

Energy harvesting
linear alternator
permanent magnet (PM) linear generator
resonance tracking
thermoacoustic electric generator
wave energy converter

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1109/TIE.2020.2978697

19-TIE-2740_R2_final(pure)Accepted author manuscript, 8.36 MB

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title = "Current-Modulation-based on-line Resonance Tuning Strategy for Linear Generator Drives",

abstract = "Linear Generators (LGs) are frequently used for energy harvesting with free-piston Stirling engines, thermoacoustic engines and wave energy converters. This paper presents a control strategy to track and maintain LG resonance conditions in real time. The algorithm is based on the LG response to a low-frequency amplitude modulation of the current component in phase with the instantaneous position (d-axis). The averaged product of modulated airgap power and modulation signal is fed into a controller to adjust the d-axis current and restore resonance. The use of airgap power instead of dc power improves resonance tracking accuracy and eliminates steady-state low-frequency stroke oscillations. The paper presents a full theoretical analysis providing accurate steady-state and small-signal models for control synthesis. The broad experimental validation included in the paper proves that the control is able to restore resonance even when the force-source introduces significant additional mechanical impedance",

keywords = "Energy harvesting, linear alternator, permanent magnet (PM) linear generator, resonance tracking, thermoacoustic electric generator, wave energy converter",

author = "Min Zhang and Alexey Bodrov and Roger Shuttleworth and Matteo Iacchetti",

note = "Funding Information: Manuscript received August 5, 2019; revised November 24, 2019 and January 28, 2020; accepted February 19, 2020. Date of publication March 11, 2020; date of current version December 8, 2020. This work was supported by the U.K. Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council—EPSRC, through Project HARP2: Holistic Approach to the Design of Efficient Heat Recovery Systems for Electrical Power Production, under Grant EP/R02328X/1. (Corresponding author: Matteo Felice Iacchetti.) The authors are with the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, U.K. (e-mail: [email protected]; alexey.bodrov@ manchester.ac.uk; [email protected]; matteo. [email protected]). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 1982-2012 IEEE.",

year = "2021",

month = apr,

doi = "10.1109/TIE.2020.2978697",

language = "English",

volume = "68",

pages = "2812--2822",

journal = "IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics",

issn = "0278-0046",

publisher = "IEEE Industrial Electronics Society",

number = "4",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Current-Modulation-based on-line Resonance Tuning Strategy for Linear Generator Drives

AU - Zhang, Min

AU - Bodrov, Alexey

AU - Shuttleworth, Roger

AU - Iacchetti, Matteo

N1 - Funding Information: Manuscript received August 5, 2019; revised November 24, 2019 and January 28, 2020; accepted February 19, 2020. Date of publication March 11, 2020; date of current version December 8, 2020. This work was supported by the U.K. Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council—EPSRC, through Project HARP2: Holistic Approach to the Design of Efficient Heat Recovery Systems for Electrical Power Production, under Grant EP/R02328X/1. (Corresponding author: Matteo Felice Iacchetti.) The authors are with the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, U.K. (e-mail: [email protected]; alexey.bodrov@ manchester.ac.uk; [email protected]; matteo. [email protected]). Publisher Copyright: © 1982-2012 IEEE.

PY - 2021/4

Y1 - 2021/4

N2 - Linear Generators (LGs) are frequently used for energy harvesting with free-piston Stirling engines, thermoacoustic engines and wave energy converters. This paper presents a control strategy to track and maintain LG resonance conditions in real time. The algorithm is based on the LG response to a low-frequency amplitude modulation of the current component in phase with the instantaneous position (d-axis). The averaged product of modulated airgap power and modulation signal is fed into a controller to adjust the d-axis current and restore resonance. The use of airgap power instead of dc power improves resonance tracking accuracy and eliminates steady-state low-frequency stroke oscillations. The paper presents a full theoretical analysis providing accurate steady-state and small-signal models for control synthesis. The broad experimental validation included in the paper proves that the control is able to restore resonance even when the force-source introduces significant additional mechanical impedance

AB - Linear Generators (LGs) are frequently used for energy harvesting with free-piston Stirling engines, thermoacoustic engines and wave energy converters. This paper presents a control strategy to track and maintain LG resonance conditions in real time. The algorithm is based on the LG response to a low-frequency amplitude modulation of the current component in phase with the instantaneous position (d-axis). The averaged product of modulated airgap power and modulation signal is fed into a controller to adjust the d-axis current and restore resonance. The use of airgap power instead of dc power improves resonance tracking accuracy and eliminates steady-state low-frequency stroke oscillations. The paper presents a full theoretical analysis providing accurate steady-state and small-signal models for control synthesis. The broad experimental validation included in the paper proves that the control is able to restore resonance even when the force-source introduces significant additional mechanical impedance

KW - Energy harvesting

KW - linear alternator

KW - permanent magnet (PM) linear generator

KW - resonance tracking

KW - thermoacoustic electric generator

KW - wave energy converter

U2 - 10.1109/TIE.2020.2978697

DO - 10.1109/TIE.2020.2978697

M3 - Article

SN - 0278-0046

VL - 68

SP - 2812

EP - 2822

JO - IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

JF - IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

IS - 4

M1 - 9032374

ER -

Current-Modulation-based on-line Resonance Tuning Strategy for Linear Generator Drives

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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