TY - JOUR
T1 - Distributed control of a virtual storage plant for frequency restoration services: An experimental validation
AU - Krpan, Matej
AU - Wang, Xiao
AU - Beus, Mateo
AU - Parisio, Alessandra
AU - Kuzle, Igor
PY - 2024/8/1
Y1 - 2024/8/1
N2 - This paper presents the results, insights and challenges of a small-scale laboratory implementation of a virtual storage plant (VSP) and the distributed control of its portfolio for frequency restoration services. The proposed framework has been experimentally validated using a controller-hardware-inthe-loop setup consisting of 5 battery storage systems, a hydraulic turbinegenerator and a real-time digital simulator. The results show that the performance of the VSP whose assets are controlled by the proposed framework is compliant with the grid code requirements regarding manual and automatic frequency restoration service. Furthermore, this paper reveals novel insight into the practical implementation challenges of consensus-based distributed control due to time delays and communication synchronization. Keywords: dispatching, distributed control, frequency control, hardware-in-the-loop, virtual storage plant, frequency restoration, multi-agent consensus
AB - This paper presents the results, insights and challenges of a small-scale laboratory implementation of a virtual storage plant (VSP) and the distributed control of its portfolio for frequency restoration services. The proposed framework has been experimentally validated using a controller-hardware-inthe-loop setup consisting of 5 battery storage systems, a hydraulic turbinegenerator and a real-time digital simulator. The results show that the performance of the VSP whose assets are controlled by the proposed framework is compliant with the grid code requirements regarding manual and automatic frequency restoration service. Furthermore, this paper reveals novel insight into the practical implementation challenges of consensus-based distributed control due to time delays and communication synchronization. Keywords: dispatching, distributed control, frequency control, hardware-in-the-loop, virtual storage plant, frequency restoration, multi-agent consensus
U2 - 10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110031
DO - 10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110031
M3 - Article
SN - 0142-0615
VL - 159
JO - International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems
JF - International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems
M1 - 110031
ER -
