@article{d35eb9d0aa284649a3df563bf0d4862c,
title = "Does Early Child Language Predict Internalizing Symptoms in Adolescence? An Investigation in Two Birth Cohorts Born 30 Years Apart",
abstract = "Language is vital for social interaction, leading some to suggest early linguistic ability paves the way for good adolescent mental health. The relation between age-5 vocabulary and adolescent internalizing symptoms was examined in two U.K. birth cohorts that are nationally representative in terms of sex, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status: the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS; N = 11,640) and the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS born ~2001; N = 14,754). In the BCS, no relation between receptive vocabulary and age-16 self-reported symptoms was observed (β = 0.00 [−0.03; 0.03]). In the MCS, better expressive vocabulary was associated with more age-14 self-reported symptoms (β = 0.05 [0.02; 0.07]). The direction of this effect was reversed for parent-reported symptoms. All effect sizes were small. The relation between childhood vocabulary and internalizing symptoms varies by generation and reporter.",
author = "Emma Thornton and Praveetha Patalay and Colin Bannard",
note = "Funding Information: We are grateful to the cohort members of the 1970 British Cohort Study, the Millennium Cohort Study, and their families. We are also grateful to the Centre for Longitudinal Studies (CLS), for the data collection and management, and to the UK Data Service for making them available. It must be noted that neither CLS nor the UK Data Service have any responsibility, or took any part in the analysis or interpretation of these data. We also thank Professor Julian Pine (The University of Liverpool) and Dr Vanessa Moulton (CLS, UCL) for their extremely helpful comments on a draft of this manuscript. We also thank Hannah Sawyer and Alice Newton‐Fenner for proof reading the final version of this manuscript. Danielle Matthews was supported by the British Academy grant MD\170025. Emma Thornton was funded by the ESRC, NWSSDTP grant number ES/P000665/1. Funding Information: We are grateful to the cohort members of the 1970 British Cohort Study, the Millennium Cohort Study, and their families. We are also grateful to the Centre for Longitudinal Studies (CLS), for the data collection and management, and to the UK Data Service for making them available. It must be noted that neither CLS nor the UK Data Service have any responsibility, or took any part in the analysis or interpretation of these data. We also thank Professor Julian Pine (The University of Liverpool) and Dr Vanessa Moulton (CLS, UCL) for their extremely helpful comments on a draft of this manuscript. We also thank Hannah Sawyer and Alice Newton-Fenner for proof reading the final version of this manuscript. Danielle Matthews was supported by the British Academy grant MD\170025. Emma Thornton was funded by the ESRC, NWSSDTP grant number ES/P000665/1. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 The Authors. Child Development published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society for Research in Child Development",
year = "2021",
month = sep,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1111/cdev.13615",
language = "English",
volume = "92",
pages = "2106--2127",
journal = "Child Development",
issn = "0009-3920",
publisher = "John Wiley & Sons Ltd",
number = "5",
}