Driven phase space holes and synchronized Bernstein, Greene, and Kruskal modes

The excitation of synchronized Berstein, Greene, and Kruskal (BGK) modes in a pure electron plasma confined in Malmberg-Penning trap was discussed. It was found that the modes were excited by controlling the frequency of an oscillating external potential. It was observed that the size of hole in phase space and the amplitude of the mode were largely controlled by the driving frequency and amplitude. The dependence of the excited BGK mode amplitude on the driving frequency chirp rate and other plasma parameter was also elaborated.