TY - JOUR
T1 - Effect of chlorine atoms in choline chloride-monocarboxylic acid for the pretreatment of oil palm fronds and enzymatic hydrolysis
AU - Tnah, Shen Khang
AU - Wu, Ta Yeong
AU - Ting, Dennis Chiong Chung
AU - Chow, Han Ket
AU - Shak, Katrina Pui Yee
AU - Subramonian, Wennie
AU - Procentese, Alessandra
AU - Cheng, Chin Kui
AU - Teoh, Wen Hui
AU - Jahim, Jamaliah Md.
N1 - Funding Information:
The funding of this study is supported by Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS/1/2019/WAB01/MUSM/02/1). Additionally, the authors would like to thank Monash University Malaysia for providing S.K. Tnah with a PhD scholarship.
Funding Information:
The funding of this study is supported by Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS/1/2019/WAB01/MUSM/02/1). Additionally, the authors would like to thank Monash University Malaysia for providing S.K. Tnah with a PhD scholarship.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2022/1/1
Y1 - 2022/1/1
N2 - Choline chloride (ChCl) and various monocarboxylic acids (monochloroacetic acid, MCA; dichloroacetic acid, DCA; trichloroacetic acid, TCA) with increasing numbers of substituted chlorine atoms were utilized for the pretreatment of oil palm fronds (OPFs). To the best of our knowledge, this study was the first attempt to utilize these three novel solvents in biomass pretreatment. The result of ChCl:TCA was excluded due to instability in conducting the pretreatment. Under the recommended conditions of 120 °C and 60 min, similar delignification percentages of 75.96% and 74.89% were obtained for ChCl:MCA and ChCl:DCA, respectively. Enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated OPFs was demonstrated after pretreatment. By using ChCl:DCA, a shorter duration of enzymatic hydrolysis (24 h) enabled glucan conversion of pretreated OPFs up to 89%. Although a longer duration of 72 h was imposed, glucan conversion of only 82% could be obtained by using ChCl:MCA. Thus, a solvent with a higher number of chlorine atoms (ChCl:DCA) could lead to more effective enzymatic hydrolysis. The results were compared to the literature findings, and ChCl:DCA was determined to be one of the most effective solvents for biomass pretreatment under relatively mild conditions.
AB - Choline chloride (ChCl) and various monocarboxylic acids (monochloroacetic acid, MCA; dichloroacetic acid, DCA; trichloroacetic acid, TCA) with increasing numbers of substituted chlorine atoms were utilized for the pretreatment of oil palm fronds (OPFs). To the best of our knowledge, this study was the first attempt to utilize these three novel solvents in biomass pretreatment. The result of ChCl:TCA was excluded due to instability in conducting the pretreatment. Under the recommended conditions of 120 °C and 60 min, similar delignification percentages of 75.96% and 74.89% were obtained for ChCl:MCA and ChCl:DCA, respectively. Enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated OPFs was demonstrated after pretreatment. By using ChCl:DCA, a shorter duration of enzymatic hydrolysis (24 h) enabled glucan conversion of pretreated OPFs up to 89%. Although a longer duration of 72 h was imposed, glucan conversion of only 82% could be obtained by using ChCl:MCA. Thus, a solvent with a higher number of chlorine atoms (ChCl:DCA) could lead to more effective enzymatic hydrolysis. The results were compared to the literature findings, and ChCl:DCA was determined to be one of the most effective solvents for biomass pretreatment under relatively mild conditions.
KW - Biomass pretreatment
KW - Biomass valorisation
KW - Biorefinery
KW - Deep eutectic solvent
KW - Lignocellulosic biomass
KW - Waste management
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.09.068
U2 - 10.1016/j.renene.2021.09.068
DO - 10.1016/j.renene.2021.09.068
M3 - Article
SN - 0960-1481
VL - 182
SP - 285
EP - 295
JO - Renewable Energy
JF - Renewable Energy
ER -
