Empirical miniaturization analysis of inverse parabolic step sequence based UWB antennas

In this paper we develop an empirical approach to the design of Ultra Wideband (UWB) antennas employing the Inverse Parabolic Step Sequence (IPSS). The relationships developed can be used to miniaturize the antenna and achieve a good impedance match over the UWB bandwidth. The overall aim of this process is to give a good starting point for detailed numerical optimizations. We will illustrate the use of these formulae in three different designs of IPSS- based antennas. A low loss duroid substrate of loss tangent, tan δ,0.0009, low relative permittivity 2.2 and thickness 1.575mm is used to simulate these planar monopole antennas in Ansoft High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS).