TY - JOUR
T1 - EUREC
4A
AU - Choularton, Thomas
AU - Lloyd, Gary
AU - Bower, Keith
AU - Coe, Hugh
AU - Gallagher, Martin
AU - Gallimore, Peter
AU - Flynn, Michael
N1 - Funding Information:
Addressing these additional questions required a substantial expansion of the activities initially planned by the Barbadian–French–German partnership that initiated EUREC4A. This was accomplished through a union of projects led by additional investigators. For instance, EUREC4A-UK (a UK project) brought a Twin Otter (TO for short) and ground-based facilities for aerosol measurements to advance cloud physics studies; EUREC4A-OA secured the service of two additional research vessels (the R/V L’Atalante and the R/V Maria Sibylla Merian) and various ocean-observing platforms to study ocean processes; and the Atlantic Tradewind Ocean–Atmosphere Mesoscale Interaction Campaign (ATOMIC) brought an additional research vessel (the R/V Ronald H. Brown), assorted autonomous systems, and the WP-3D Orion, “Miss Piggy”, to help augment studies of air–sea and aerosol–cloud interactions. Additionally, nationally funded projects supported a large-scale sounding array, the installation of a scanning precipitation radar, the deployment of shipborne kite-stabilized helium balloons (CloudKites), a network of water stable isotopo-logue measurements, and a rich assortment of uncrewed aerial and seagoing systems, among them fixed-wing aircraft, quadcopters, drifters, buoys, underwater gliders, and Sail-drones. Support within the region helped link activities to operational initiatives, such as a training program for forecasters, and fund scientific participation from around the Caribbean. The additional measurement platforms considerably increased EUREC4A’s scientific scope and geographic footprint, as summarized in Fig. 1.
Funding Information:
man Research Foundation (DFG) and the German Ministry for Education and Science (BMBF). The MSM89 cruise started (17 January 2020) and ended (20 February 2020) in Bridgetown, Barbados (Karstensen et al., 2020). During the cruise various ocean and atmosphere profile measurements were carried out from the ship. In addition, underwater electric gliders and the CloudKite were deployed but are described separately (see respective sub-subsections).
Funding Information:
The R/V Meteor is a 98 m long German research vessel, which is funded jointly by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF). The M161 cruise started in Bridgetown (Barbados) on 17 January 2020, and R/V Meteor spent the following month in the trade wind alley east of Barbados (between 12 to 15◦N and 54 to 60◦W). During this time, the atmosphere
Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright:
PY - 2021/8/25
Y1 - 2021/8/25
N2 - The science guiding the EUREC4A campaign and its measurements is presented. EUREC4A comprised roughly 5 weeks of measurements in the downstream winter trades of the North Atlantic –eastward and southeastward of Barbados. Through its ability to characterize processes operating across a wide range of scales, EUREC4Amarked a turning point in our ability to observationally study factors influencing clouds in the trades, how they will respond to warming, and their link to other components of the earth system, such as upper-ocean processes or the life cycle of particulate matter. This characterization was made possible by thousands (2500) of sondes distributed to measure circulations on meso-(200km) and larger (500km) scales, roughly 400h of flight time by four heavily instrumented research aircraft; four global-class research vessels; an advanced groundbased cloud observatory; scores of autonomous observing platforms operating in the upper ocean (nearly 10000 profiles), lower atmosphere (continuous profiling), and along the air–sea interface; a network of water stable isotopologue measurements; targeted tasking of satellite remote sensing; and modeling with a new generation of weather and climate models. In addition to providing an outline of the novel measurements and their composition into a unified and coordinated campaign, the six distinct scientific facets that EUREC4A explored –from North Brazil Current rings to turbulence-induced clustering of cloud droplets and its influence on warm-rain formation–are presented along with an overview of EUREC4A’s outreach activities, environmental impact, and guidelines for scientific practice. Track data for all platforms are standardized and accessible at https://doi.org/10.25326/165 (Stevens, 2021), and a film documenting the campaign is provided as a video supplement.
AB - The science guiding the EUREC4A campaign and its measurements is presented. EUREC4A comprised roughly 5 weeks of measurements in the downstream winter trades of the North Atlantic –eastward and southeastward of Barbados. Through its ability to characterize processes operating across a wide range of scales, EUREC4Amarked a turning point in our ability to observationally study factors influencing clouds in the trades, how they will respond to warming, and their link to other components of the earth system, such as upper-ocean processes or the life cycle of particulate matter. This characterization was made possible by thousands (2500) of sondes distributed to measure circulations on meso-(200km) and larger (500km) scales, roughly 400h of flight time by four heavily instrumented research aircraft; four global-class research vessels; an advanced groundbased cloud observatory; scores of autonomous observing platforms operating in the upper ocean (nearly 10000 profiles), lower atmosphere (continuous profiling), and along the air–sea interface; a network of water stable isotopologue measurements; targeted tasking of satellite remote sensing; and modeling with a new generation of weather and climate models. In addition to providing an outline of the novel measurements and their composition into a unified and coordinated campaign, the six distinct scientific facets that EUREC4A explored –from North Brazil Current rings to turbulence-induced clustering of cloud droplets and its influence on warm-rain formation–are presented along with an overview of EUREC4A’s outreach activities, environmental impact, and guidelines for scientific practice. Track data for all platforms are standardized and accessible at https://doi.org/10.25326/165 (Stevens, 2021), and a film documenting the campaign is provided as a video supplement.
U2 - 10.5194/essd-13-4067-2021
DO - 10.5194/essd-13-4067-2021
M3 - Review article
SN - 1866-3508
VL - 13
SP - 4067
EP - 4119
JO - Earth System Science Data
JF - Earth System Science Data
IS - 8
M1 - 13
ER -