European employment models under pressure to change

"National employment models" comprise the whole range of institutions that determine tabour supply, utilization and demand in different countries. Based on a study of existing typologies of these models, this article explores their workings and their capacity to survive pressures for change. It compares different models' attempts to safeguard decent working conditions in the face of product-market deregulation and rising employment rates of women and older workers. It concludes that it is becoming increasingly difficult for European nation states to reform their employment models from within and argues for more emphasis on positive integration policies at the European level. Copyright © International Labour Organization 2007.