Evaluation of a portable ambulatory prototype for automated overnight closed-loop insulin delivery in young people with type 1 diabetes

Daniela Elleri, Janet M Allen, Martina Biagioni, Kavita Kumareswaran, Lalantha Leelarathna, Karen Caldwell, Marianna Nodale, Malgorzata E Wilinska, Carlo L Acerini, David B Dunger, Roman Hovorka

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate an ambulatory, portable prototype, overnight automated closed-loop (CL) system and to explore optimal time of CL initiation.

METHODS: We performed a randomized crossover study and compared automated overnight glucose control started at the time of an evening-meal or at bedtime. Eight young people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) on insulin pump therapy [M = 4; age = 14.3 (1.7) yr; HbA1c = 8.2 (1.3)%; mean (SD)] were studied on two occasions at clinical research facility. A standardized self-selected evening meal [70 (11)g CHO] and snack [22 (4)g CHO] accompanied by prandial insulin boluses were given at 18:00 and 21:00 hours, respectively. In random order, automated CL was started at 18:00 or 21:00 hours and ran until 8:00 hours the next day. Basal insulin delivery was automatically adjusted by a model predictive control algorithm based on real-time continuous glucose monitor readings.

RESULTS: Overnight plasma glucose levels (between 21:00 and 08:00 hours) were within the target range (71-145 mg/dL) for 82 (59, 98)% of time when CL started at 18:00 hours and 64 (48, 70)% when CL started at 21:00 hours [median (IQR), p = 0.036]. Time spent above 180 mg/dL [8 (0, 17) vs. 13 (3, 26)%, p = 0.310] or below 70 mg/dL [0 (0,7) vs. 0 (0, 8)%, p = 1.000] did not differ between the two occasions. Mean overnight glucose [121 (14) vs. 137 (13) mg/dL, p = 0.731) was also similar. Overnight insulin infusion rates were comparable [0.8 (0.5, 1.3) vs. 0.8 (0.6, 1.4) U/h, p = 0.263]. No interruptions to CL delivery were observed.

CONCLUSION: Automated CL delivery can be applied reliably and safely to control glucose levels overnight in young people with T1D. Tighter glucose levels may be achieved with an earlier time of CL initiation.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)449-53
Number of pages5
JournalPediatric Diabetes
Volume13
Issue number6
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Sept 2012

Keywords

  • Adolescent
  • Age of Onset
  • Automation
  • Blood Glucose/analysis
  • Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring/instrumentation
  • Child
  • Circadian Rhythm
  • Cross-Over Studies
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/blood
  • Equipment and Supplies
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage
  • Insulin/administration & dosage
  • Insulin Infusion Systems
  • Male
  • Monitoring, Ambulatory/instrumentation

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