FEREBUS: Highly Parallelized Engine for Kriging Training

Nicodemo Di Pasquale, Michael Bane, Stuart Davie, Paul Popelier

    Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

    Abstract

    FFLUX is a novel force field based on quantum topological atoms, combining multipolar electrostatics with IQA intraatomic and interatomic energy terms. The program FEREBUS calculates the hyperparameters of models produced by the machine learning method kriging. Calculation of kriging hyperparameters (θ and p) requires the optimization of the concentrated log-likelihood math formula. FEREBUS uses Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Differential Evolution (DE) algorithms to find the maximum of math formula. PSO and DE are two heuristic algorithms that each use a set of particles or vectors to explore the space in which math formula is defined, searching for the maximum. The log-likelihood is a computationally expensive function, which needs to be calculated several times during each optimization iteration. The cost scales quickly with the problem dimension and speed becomes critical in model generation. We present the strategy used to parallelize FEREBUS, and the optimization of math formula through PSO and DE. The code is parallelized in two ways. MPI parallelization distributes the particles or vectors among the different processes, whereas the OpenMP implementation takes care of the calculation of math formula, which involves the calculation and inversion of a particular matrix, whose size increases quickly with the dimension of the problem. The run time shows a speed-up of 61 times going from single core to 90 cores with a saving, in one case, of ∼98% of the single core time. In fact, the parallelization scheme presented reduces computational time from 2871 s for a single core calculation, to 41 s for 90 cores calculation. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Computational Chemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Original languageEnglish
    JournalJournal of Computational Chemistry
    Volume37
    Issue number29
    Early online date21 Sept 2016
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - 27 Sept 2016

    Fingerprint

    Dive into the research topics of 'FEREBUS: Highly Parallelized Engine for Kriging Training'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

    Cite this