Freezing modes of riming droplets with application to ice splinter production.

Laboratory studies of riming have shown that, provided the heat loss is fairly symmetrical, the internal freezing pattern of an accreted drop shows two distinct modes in the temperature range -3oC to -9oC and a transition to a third below this temperature: at high temperatures the freezing is dominated by an ice front growing outwards from the rimer with a somewhat enhanced growth rate around the drop edge; at temperatures below about - 5oC two ice fronts are evident, one from the substrate, one from the remote edge of the drop; and at temperatures of -9oC and below the freezing is essentially symmetrically inwards.-from Authors