Genome-wide association identifies nine common variants associated with fasting proinsulin levels and provides new insights into the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes

John R. Petrie, Mike Boehnke, Ele Ferrannini, Manuel Serrano Ríos, Claes Göran Östenson, Konstantinos Makrilakis, Tom J. Forsen, Clive Osmond, Cyrus C. Cooper, Elaine M. Dennison, Karen A. Jameson, Avan A. Sayer, Teemu Kuulasmaa, Alena Stancakova, Lars Lind, Maria Nastase Mannila, Harvest Gu, Björn Zethelius, Fabiola Turrini, Laura PascoeAnn Christine Syvänen, Emma Ahlqvist, Momoko Horikoshi, Daniel Barnes, Jian'an Luan, Chen Han, Alisa K. Manning, Denis Rybin, Stavroula Kanoni, Adam Barker, Weijia Xie, Stefan Gustafsson, Elodie Eury, Julie Kerr-Conte, François Pattou, Paul Johnson, Lasse Folkersen, Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir, Christian Dina, Eleftheria Zeggini, Cornelia Huth, Yurii S. Aulchenko, Laura J. McCulloch, Teresa Ferreira, Guanming Wu, Cristen J. Willer, Steve A. McCarroll, Claudia Langenberg, Oliver M. Hofmann, Josée Dupuis, Mandy van Hoek, Pau Navarro, Kristin Ardlie, Rafn Benediktsson, Roza Blagieva, Kristina Bengtsson Boström, Bert Bravenboer, Suzannah Bumpstead, Noisël P. Burtt, Guillaume Charpentier, Marilyn Cornelis, David J. Couper, Gabe Crawford, Alex S F Doney, Katherine S. Elliott, Amanda L. Elliott, Christopher S. Franklin, Martha Ganser, Niels Grarup, Todd Green, Simon Griffin, Samy Hadjadj, Christian Herder, Anne U. Jackson, Paul R V Johnson, Wen H L Kao, Norman Klopp, Torsten Lauritzen, Man Li, Aloysius Lieverse, Valeriya Lyssenko, Peter Nilsson, Katharine R. Owen, Felicity Payne, Ann Kristin Petersen, Carl Platou, Christine Proença, Wolfgang Rathmann, N. William Rayner, Ghislain Rocheleau, Michael Roden, Michael J. Sampson, Richa Saxena, Beverley M. Shields, Peter Shrader, Gunnar Sigurdsson, Thomas Sparsø, Klaus Strassburger, Heather M. Stringham, Qi Sun, Barbara Thorand, Jean Tichet, Rob M. van Dam, Timon W. van Haeften, Thijs van Herpt, Jana V. van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, G. Bragi Walters, Michael N. Weedon, Cisca Wijmenga, Jacqueline Witteman, Stephane Cauchi, Anna L. Gloyn, Winston A. Hide, Graham A. Hitman, Andrew D. Morris, Colin N A Palmer, Eric Sijbrands, Lincoln D. Stein, Andre Uitterlinden, Mark Walker, Bernhard O. Boehm, Mark J. Daly, James B. Meigs, James S. Pankow, Jose C. Florez, Leif Groop, Rob Sladek, Elizabeth K. Speliote, Cristen J. Wille, Sonja I. Bernd, Keri L. Mond, Gudmar Thorleifsso, Anne U. Jackso, Hana Lango Allen, Cecilia M. Lindgre, Jian'an Lua, Reedik Mäg, Joshua C. Randal, Sailaja Vedanta, Thomas W. Winkle, Lu Qi, Tsegaselassie Workalemah, Iris M. Hei, Valgerdur Steinthorsdotti, Heather M. Stringha, Michael N. Weedo, Eleanor Wheele, Andrew R. Woo, Teresa Ferreir, Robert J. Weyan, Ayellet V. Segrè, Karol Estrad, Liming Lian, James Nemes, Ju Hyun Par, Stefan Gustafsso, Tuomas O. Kilpeläine, Jian Yang, Nabila Bouatia-Naji, Tõnu Esko, Mary F. Feitosa, Zoltán Kutalik, Massimo Mangino, Soumya Raychaudhuri, Andre Scherag, Ryan Welch, Jing Hua Zhao, Katja K. Aben, Najaf Amin, Anna L. Dixon, Eva Fisher, Nicole L. Glazer, Michael E. Goddard, Nancy L. Heard-Costa, Volker Hoesel, Jouke Jan Hottenga, Åsa Johansson, Toby Johnson, Shamika Ketkar, Claudia Lamina, Shengxu Li, Miriam F. Moffatt, Richard H. Myers, Narisu Narisu, John R B Perry, Marjolein J. Peters, Samuli Ripatti, Fernando Rivadeneira, Camilla Sandholt, Laura J. Scott, Nicholas J. Timpson, Jonathan P. Tyrer, Sophie van Wingerden, Richard M. Watanabe, Charles C. White, Fredrik Wiklund, Christina Barlassina, Daniel I. Chasman, Matthew N. Cooper, John Olov Jansson, Robert W. Lawrence, Niina Pellikka, Inga Prokopenko, Jianxin Shi, Elisabeth Thiering, Helene Alavere, Maria T S Alibrandi, Peter Almgren, Alice M. Arnold, Thor Aspelund, Larry D. Atwood, Beverley Balkau, Amanda J. Bennett, Yoav Ben-Shlomo, Richard N. Bergman, Sven Bergmann, Heike Biebermann, Alexandra I F Blakemore, Tanja Boes, Lori L. Bonnycastle, Stefan R. Bornstein, Thomas A. Buchanan, Fabio Busonero, Harry Campbell, Francesco P. Cappuccio, Christine Cavalcanti-Proença, Yii Der Ida Chen, Chih Mei Chen, Peter S. Chines, Lachlan Coin, John Connell, Ian N M Day, Martin den Heijer, Jubao Duan, Shah Ebrahim, Gudny Eiriksdottir, Michael R. Erdos, Johan G. Eriksson, Maurizio F. Facheris, Stephan B. Felix, Pamela Fischer-Posovszky, Nele Friedrich, Nelson B. Freimer, Mao Fu, Stefan Gaget, Pablo V. Gejman, Eco J C Geus, Anette P. Gjesing, Philippe Goyette, Harald Grallert, Jürgen Gräßler, Danielle M. Greenawalt, Christopher J. Groves, Candace Guiducci, Anna Liisa Hartikainen, Aki S. Havulinna, Caroline Hayward, Andrew C. Heath, Andrew A. Hicks, Anke Hinney, Georg Homuth, Jennie Hui, Wilmar Igl, Bo Isomaa, Kevin B. Jacobs, Ivonne Jarick, Elizabeth Jewell, Ulrich John, Torben Jørgensen, Pekka Jousilahti, Antti Jula, Marika Kaakinen, Eero Kajantie, Johannes Kettunen, Leena Kinnunen, Ivana Kolcic, Seppo Koskinen, Peter Kovacs, Johanna Kuusisto, Peter Kraft, Kirsti Kvaløy, Jaana Laitinen, Olivier Lantieri, Chiara Lanzani, Lenore J. Launer, Cecile Lecoeur, Terho Lehtimäki, Jianjun Liu, Marja Liisa Lokki, Mattias Lorentzon, Robert N. Luben, Barbara Ludwig, Paolo Manunta, Diana Marek, Michel Marre, Nicholas G. Martin, Wendy L. McArdle, Anne McCarthy, Barbara McKnight, David Meyre, Kristian Midthjell, Grant W. Montgomery, Mario A. Morken, Andrew P. Morris, Rosanda Mulic, Julius S. Ngwa, Mari Nelis, Matt J. Neville, Dale R. Nyholt, Christopher J. O'Donnel, Stephen O'Rahilly, Ken K. Ong, Ben Oostra, Guillaume Paré, Alex N. Parker, Markus Perola, Irene Pichler, Kirsi H. Pietiläinen, Carl G P Platou, Ozren Polasek, Anneli Pouta, Suzanne Rafelt, Olli Raitakari, Nigel W. Rayner, Martin Ridderstråel, Winfried Rief, Aimo Ruokonen, Neil R. Robertson, Peter Rzehak, Alan R. Sanders, Manjinder S. Sandhu, Serena Sanna, Jouko Saramies, Markku J. Savolainen, Susann Scherag, Sabine Schipf, Kaisa Silander, Juha Sinisalo, Jan H. Smit, Ulla Sovio, Jonathan Stephens, Ida Surakka, Amy J. Swift, Mari Liis Tammesoo, Jean Claude Tardif, Maris Teder-Laving, Tanya M. Teslovich, Brian Thomson, Anke Tönjes, Tiinamaija Tuomi, Joyce B. van Meurs, Gert Jan van Ommen, Vincent Vatin, Jorma Viikari, Sophie Visvikis-Siest, Veronique Vitart, Carla I G Vogel, Lindsay L. Waite, Henri Wallaschofski, G. Bragi Walter, Elisabeth Widen, Susanna Wiegand, Sarah H. Wild, Gonneke Willemsen, Daniel R. Witte, Jacqueline C. Witteman, Jianfeng Xu, Qunyuan Zhang, Lina Zgaga, Paavo Zitting, John P. Beilby, I. Sadaf Farooqi, Johannes Hebebrand, Heikki V. Huikuri, Alan L. James, Mika Kähönen, Douglas F. Levinson, Fabio Macciardi, Markku S. Nieminen, Claes Ohlsson, Lyle J. Palmer, Paul M. Ridker, Michael Stumvoll, Jacques S. Beckmann, Heiner Boeing, Dorret I. Boomsma, Stephen J. Chanock, Francis S. Collins, George Davey Smith, Henrik Grönberg, Ulf Gyllensten, Per Hall, Torben Hansen, Tamara B. Harris, Andrew T. Hattersley, Richard B. Hayes, Joachim Heinrich, Frank B. Hu, Kristian Hveem, Marjo Riitta Jarvelin, Jaakko Kaprio, Fredrik Karpe, Lambertus A. Kiemeney, Heiko Krude, Markku Laakso, Debbie A. Lawlor, Andres Metspalu, Patricia B. Munroe, Oluf Pedersen, Brenda W. Penninx, Peter P. Pramstaller, Thomas Reinehr, Aila Rissanen, Igor Rudan, Peter E H Schwarz, Alan R. Shuldiner, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Manuela Uda, André Uitterlinden, Timo T. Valle, Martin Wabitsch, Gérard Waeber, Nicholas J. Wareham, James F. Wilson, Alan F. Wright, M. Carola Zillikens, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Steven A. McCarroll, Shaun Purcell, Peter M. Visscher, Ingrid B. Borecki, Caroline S. Fox, Leif C. Groop, Talin Haritunians, David J. Hunter, Robert C. Kaplan, Karen L. Mohlke, Jeffrey R. O'Connell, Leena Peltonen, David Schlessinger, David P. Strachan, Cornelia M. van Duijn, Timothy M. Frayling, Gonçalo R. Abecasis, Michael Boehnke, Kari E. North, Joel N. Hirschhorn, Erik Ingelsson, Ruth J F Loos, Alexandra C. Nica, Leopold Parts, Daniel Glass, James Nisbet, Amy Barrett, Magdalena Sekowska, Mary Travers, Simon Potter, Elin Grundberg, Kerrin Small, Åsa K. Hedman, Veronique Bataille, Jordana Tzenova Bell, Gabriela Surdulescu, Antigone S. Dimas, Catherine Ingle, Frank O. Nestle, Paola di Meglio, Josine L. Min, Alicja Wilk, Christopher J. Hammond, Neelam Hassanali, Tsun Po Yang, Stephen B. Montgomery, Steve O'Rahilly, Cecilia M. Lindgren, Krina T. Zondervan, Inês Barroso, Richard Durbin, Kourosh Ahmadi, Emmanouil T. Dermitzakis, Timothy D. Spector, Heribert Schunkert, Inke R. König, Sekar Kathiresan, Muredach P. Reilly, Themistocles L. Assimes, Hilma Holm, Michael Preuss, Alexandre F R Stewart, Maja Barbalic, Christian Gieger, Devin Absher, Zouhair Aherrahrou, Hooman Allayee, David Altshuler, Sonia S. Anand, Karl Andersen, Jeffrey L. Anderson, Diego Ardissino, Stephen G. Ball, Anthony J. Balmforth, Timothy A. Barnes, Diane M. Becker, Lewis C. Becker, Klaus Berger, Joshua C. Bis, S. Matthijs Boekholdt, Eric Boerwinkle, Peter S. Braund, Morris J. Brown, Mary Susan Burnett, Ian Buysschaert, John F. Carlquist, Li Chen, Sven Cichon, Veryan Codd, Robert W. Davies, George Dedoussis, Abbas Dehghan, Serkalem Demissie, Joseph M. Devaney, Patrick Diemert, Ron Do, Angela Doering, Sandra Eifert, Nour Eddine El Mokhtari, Stephen G. Ellis, Roberto Elosua, James C. Engert, Stephen E. Epstein, Ulf de Faire, Marcus Fischer, Aaron R. Folsom, Jennifer Freyer, Bruna Gigante, Domenico Girelli, Solveig Gretarsdottir, Vilmundur Gudnason, Jeffrey R. Gulcher, Eran Halperin, Naomi Hammond, Stanley L. Hazen, Albert Hofman, Benjamin D. Horne, Thomas Illig, Carlos Iribarren, Gregory T. Jones, J. Wouter Jukema, Michael A. Kaiser, Lee M. Kaplan, John J P Kastelein, Kay Tee Khaw, Joshua W. Knowles, Genovefa Kolovou, Augustine Kong, Reijo Laaksonen, Diether Lambrechts, Karin Leander, Guillaume Lettre, Mingyao Li, Wolfgang Lieb, Christina Loley, Andrew J. Lotery, Pier M. Mannucci, Seraya Maouche, Nicola Martinelli, Pascal P. McKeown, Christa Meisinger, Thomas Meitinger, Olle Melander, Pier Angelica Merlini, Vincent Mooser, Thomas Morgan, Thomas W. Mühleisen, Joseph B. Muhlestein, Thomas Münzel, Kiran Musunuru, Janja Nahrstaedt, Christopher P. Nelson, Markus M. Nöthen, Oliviero Olivieri, Riyaz S. Patel, Chris C. Patterson, Annette Peters, Flora Peyvandi, Liming Qu, Arshed A. Quyyumi, Daniel J. Rader, Loukianos S. Rallidis, Catherine Rice, Frits R. Rosendaal, Diana Rubin, Veikko Salomaa, M. Lourdes Sampietro, Manj S. Sandhu, Eric Schadt, Arne Schäfer, Arne Schillert, Stefan Schreiber, Jürgen Schrezenmeir, Stephen M. Schwartz, David S. Siscovick, Mohan Sivananthan, Suthesh Sivapalaratnam, Albert Smith, Tamara B. Smith, Jaapjan D. Snoep, Nicole Soranzo, John A. Spertus, Klaus Stark, Kathy Stirrups, Monika Stoll, W. H Wilson Tang, Stephanie Tennstedt, Gudmundur Thorgeirsson, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Maciej Tomaszewski, Andre G. Uitterlinden, Andre M. van Rij, Benjamin F. Voight, Nick J. Wareham, George A. Wells, H. Erich Wichmann, Philipp S. Wild, Christina Willenborg, Jaqueline C M Witteman, Benjamin J. Wright, Shu Ye, Tanja Zeller, Andreas Ziegler, Francois Cambien, Alison H. Goodall, L. Adrienne Cupples, Thomas Quertermous, Winfried März, Christian Hengstenberg, Stefan Blankenberg, Willem H. Ouwehand, Alistair S. Hall, John R. Thompson, Kari Stefansson, Robert Roberts, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Christopher J. O'Donnell, Ruth McPherson, Jeanette Erdmann, Sarah Parish, Alison Offer, Louise Bowman, Peter Sleight, Jane Armitage, Richard Peto, John C. Chambers, Goncalo Abecasis, Nabeel Ahmed, Mark Caulfield, Peter Donnelly, Paul Elliott, Philippe Froguel, Angad S. Kooner, Mark McCarthy, James Scott, Joban Sehmi, Weihua Zhang, Jaspal S. Kooner, Rona Strawbridge, Maria Sabater-Lleal, Anders Mälarstig, Bengt Sennblad, John Öhrvik, Angela Silveira, Ferdinand van't Hooft, Per Eriksson, Anders Hamsten, Mai Lis Hellénius, Gunnar Olsson, Stephan Rust, Gerd Assmann, Udo Seedorf, Simona Barlera, Maria Grazia Franzosi, Gianni Tognoni, Robert Clarke, Pamela Linksted, Jemma C. Hopewell, Rory Collins, John F. Peden, Anuj Goel, Halit Ongen, Theodosios Kyriakou, Fiona Green, Martin Farrall, Hugh Watkins, Danish Saleheen, Asif Rasheed, Moazzam Zaidi, Nabi Shah, Maria Samuel, Nadeem Mallick, Muhammad Azhar, Khan Shah Zaman, Adbus Samad, Muhammad Ishaq, Ali Gardezi, Fazal ur Rehman Memon, Nilesh Samani, Philippe Frossard, Panos Deloukas, John Danesh, Han Chen, Jalal Taneera, Carina Zabena, David J P Barker, María Teresa Martínez-Larrad, John Ohrvik, Claes-Göran Ostenson, Jana V van Vliet (Collaborator), Elizabeth K Speliotes (Collaborator), Sonja I Berndt (Collaborator), Keri L Monda (Collaborator), Reedik Mägi (Collaborator), Joshua C Randall (Collaborator), Sailaja Vedantam (Collaborator), Thomas W Winkler (Collaborator), Tsegaselassie Workalemahu (Collaborator), Iris M Heid (Collaborator), Eleanor Wheeler (Collaborator), Andrew R Wood (Collaborator), Robert J Weyant (Collaborator), Karol Estrada (Collaborator), Liming Liang (Collaborator), James Nemesh (Collaborator), Ju-Hyun Park (Collaborator), Tuomas O Kilpeläinen (Collaborator), Lehtimäki Terho (Collaborator), [Unknown] MAGIC (Collaborator), Martin Ridderstråle (Collaborator), Boomsma Dorret I (Collaborator), Purcell Shaun (Collaborator), Schadt Eric E (Collaborator), Visscher Peter M (Collaborator), H Barroso (Collaborator), [Unknown] Cardiogenics (Collaborator), Samani Nilesh J (Collaborator)Show 724 moreShow less