Global supply chains and labour standards: From a patchwork of rules to a web of rules?

The emergence of global supply chains is closely interlinked with the erosion of the web of rules that used to regulate employment relations for most part of the 20th century. The development of GSCs facilitated the move away from a web to a patchwork of rules in employment relations and the erosion of the same web of rules contributed in turn even further to the dominance at present of GSCs as means of structuring production across the world. Against this context, there is an increasing understanding that the limitations of traditional governance approaches to labour regulation in GSCs at both national and supranational levels should be overcome in order to ensure the effectiveness of labour standards. This chapter critically assesses the regulatory approaches that have been developed in the recent years to tackle the regulation of labour standards in this context. It is argued that there is indeed some evidence of evolution in the regulation of labour standards in GSCs. This can be best described as a move from a state of regulatory vacuum to one that could be characterised as a patchwork of rules, comprising a range of private, state-led and international regulation. However, it it is far from certain whether such experimentation may lead to the emergence of a 'web of rules' or even an adequate patchwork of rules that is capable of dealing effectively with the challenges identified in this area.