Graphene and the universality of the quantum Hall effect

A. Tzalenchuk; T. J B M Janssen; O. Kazakova; J. M. Williams; S. Kubatkin; S. Lara-Avila; K. Moth-Poulsen; R. Yakimova; T. Bjørnholm; N. E. Fletcher; R. Goebel; S. Kopylov; V. Fal'Ko

doi:10.3254/978-1-61499-326-1-323

Graphene and the universality of the quantum Hall effect

A. Tzalenchuk, T. J B M Janssen, O. Kazakova, J. M. Williams, S. Kubatkin, S. Lara-Avila, K. Moth-Poulsen, R. Yakimova, T. Bjørnholm, N. E. Fletcher, R. Goebel, S. Kopylov, V. Fal'Ko

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

Abstract

The quantum Hall effect allows the standard for resistance to be defined in terms of the elementary charge and Planck's constant alone. The effect comprises the quantization of the Hall resistance in two-dimensional electron systems in rational fractions of R_K=h/e²=25812.8074434(84) Ω (Mohr P. J. et al., Rev. Mod. Phys., 84 (2012) 1527), the resistance quantum. Despite 30 years of research into the quantum Hall effect, the level of precision necessary for metrology, a few parts per billion, has been achieved only in silicon and III-V heterostructure devices. In this lecture we show that graphene - a single layer of carbon atoms - beats these well-established semiconductor materials as the system of choice for the realisation of the quantum resistance standard. Here we shall briefly describe graphene technology, discuss the structure and electronic properties of graphene, including the unconventional quantum Hall effect and then present in detail the route, which led to the most precise quantum Hall resistance universality test ever performed.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Proceedings of the International School of Physics "Enrico Fermi": Metrology and Physical Constants
Pages	323-350
Number of pages	28
Volume	185
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3254/978-1-61499-326-1-323
Publication status	Published - 2013
Event	International School of Physics "Enrico Fermi" on Metrology and Physical Constants - Varenna, Italy Duration: 17 Jul 2012 → 27 Jul 2012

Conference

Conference	International School of Physics "Enrico Fermi" on Metrology and Physical Constants
Country/Territory	Italy
City	Varenna
Period	17/07/12 → 27/07/12

Research Beacons, Institutes and Platforms

National Graphene Institute

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10.3254/978-1-61499-326-1-323

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Tzalenchuk, A., Janssen, T. J. B. M., Kazakova, O., Williams, J. M., Kubatkin, S., Lara-Avila, S., Moth-Poulsen, K., Yakimova, R., Bjørnholm, T., Fletcher, N. E., Goebel, R., Kopylov, S., & Fal'Ko, V. (2013). Graphene and the universality of the quantum Hall effect. In Proceedings of the International School of Physics "Enrico Fermi": Metrology and Physical Constants (Vol. 185, pp. 323-350) https://doi.org/10.3254/978-1-61499-326-1-323

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title = "Graphene and the universality of the quantum Hall effect",

abstract = "The quantum Hall effect allows the standard for resistance to be defined in terms of the elementary charge and Planck's constant alone. The effect comprises the quantization of the Hall resistance in two-dimensional electron systems in rational fractions of RK=h/e2=25812.8074434(84) Ω (Mohr P. J. et al., Rev. Mod. Phys., 84 (2012) 1527), the resistance quantum. Despite 30 years of research into the quantum Hall effect, the level of precision necessary for metrology, a few parts per billion, has been achieved only in silicon and III-V heterostructure devices. In this lecture we show that graphene - a single layer of carbon atoms - beats these well-established semiconductor materials as the system of choice for the realisation of the quantum resistance standard. Here we shall briefly describe graphene technology, discuss the structure and electronic properties of graphene, including the unconventional quantum Hall effect and then present in detail the route, which led to the most precise quantum Hall resistance universality test ever performed.",

author = "A. Tzalenchuk and Janssen, {T. J B M} and O. Kazakova and Williams, {J. M.} and S. Kubatkin and S. Lara-Avila and K. Moth-Poulsen and R. Yakimova and T. Bj{\o}rnholm and Fletcher, {N. E.} and R. Goebel and S. Kopylov and V. Fal'Ko",

year = "2013",

doi = "10.3254/978-1-61499-326-1-323",

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volume = "185",

pages = "323--350",

booktitle = "Proceedings of the International School of Physics {"}Enrico Fermi{"}: Metrology and Physical Constants",

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Tzalenchuk, A, Janssen, TJBM, Kazakova, O, Williams, JM, Kubatkin, S, Lara-Avila, S, Moth-Poulsen, K, Yakimova, R, Bjørnholm, T, Fletcher, NE, Goebel, R, Kopylov, S & Fal'Ko, V 2013, Graphene and the universality of the quantum Hall effect. in Proceedings of the International School of Physics "Enrico Fermi": Metrology and Physical Constants. vol. 185, pp. 323-350, International School of Physics "Enrico Fermi" on Metrology and Physical Constants, Varenna, Italy, 17/07/12. https://doi.org/10.3254/978-1-61499-326-1-323

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AU - Tzalenchuk, A.

AU - Janssen, T. J B M

AU - Kazakova, O.

AU - Williams, J. M.

AU - Kubatkin, S.

AU - Lara-Avila, S.

AU - Moth-Poulsen, K.

AU - Yakimova, R.

AU - Bjørnholm, T.

AU - Fletcher, N. E.

AU - Goebel, R.

AU - Kopylov, S.

AU - Fal'Ko, V.

PY - 2013

Y1 - 2013

N2 - The quantum Hall effect allows the standard for resistance to be defined in terms of the elementary charge and Planck's constant alone. The effect comprises the quantization of the Hall resistance in two-dimensional electron systems in rational fractions of RK=h/e2=25812.8074434(84) Ω (Mohr P. J. et al., Rev. Mod. Phys., 84 (2012) 1527), the resistance quantum. Despite 30 years of research into the quantum Hall effect, the level of precision necessary for metrology, a few parts per billion, has been achieved only in silicon and III-V heterostructure devices. In this lecture we show that graphene - a single layer of carbon atoms - beats these well-established semiconductor materials as the system of choice for the realisation of the quantum resistance standard. Here we shall briefly describe graphene technology, discuss the structure and electronic properties of graphene, including the unconventional quantum Hall effect and then present in detail the route, which led to the most precise quantum Hall resistance universality test ever performed.

AB - The quantum Hall effect allows the standard for resistance to be defined in terms of the elementary charge and Planck's constant alone. The effect comprises the quantization of the Hall resistance in two-dimensional electron systems in rational fractions of RK=h/e2=25812.8074434(84) Ω (Mohr P. J. et al., Rev. Mod. Phys., 84 (2012) 1527), the resistance quantum. Despite 30 years of research into the quantum Hall effect, the level of precision necessary for metrology, a few parts per billion, has been achieved only in silicon and III-V heterostructure devices. In this lecture we show that graphene - a single layer of carbon atoms - beats these well-established semiconductor materials as the system of choice for the realisation of the quantum resistance standard. Here we shall briefly describe graphene technology, discuss the structure and electronic properties of graphene, including the unconventional quantum Hall effect and then present in detail the route, which led to the most precise quantum Hall resistance universality test ever performed.

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BT - Proceedings of the International School of Physics "Enrico Fermi": Metrology and Physical Constants

T2 - International School of Physics "Enrico Fermi" on Metrology and Physical Constants

Y2 - 17 July 2012 through 27 July 2012

ER -

Graphene and the universality of the quantum Hall effect

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