Graphene-based Sensor Integrated Machine-washable Smart Clothing for Enhanced Continuous Health Monitoring

This study unveils a wearable technology: a machine-washable smart clothing system integrated with graphene-based washable piezoresistive pressure sensors (GWPS). The GWPS, with its high sensitivity across a broad pressure range (0.066-80 kPa), rapid response and recovery times (10 ms), and excellent durability both pre and post-wash, is set to redefine health monitoring. Post-wash testing confirms its durability and functionality without affecting the intrinsic electro-mechanical properties. The GWPS is seamlessly integrated into a compression garment to create a textile-based continuous health monitoring system. This textile-based approach ensures flexibility, breathability, and durability of the device, making it suitable for long-term wear. The system successfully captures real-time physiological data, including breathing rate, heart rate, pulse rate, and movement signals, addressing various health monitoring needs. Validation experiments were conducted to assess the device’s performance. The device consistently exhibited high accuracy and precision, with sensitivity and response times tailored to specific health parameters. Comparative analyses with ISO-approved Biosignalplux devices demonstrated the device's capability to meas-ure respiratory, heart, and pulse rate with accuracy exceeding 99%. Peak location matching further emphasised the temporal precision of the TGWPS. This research represents a significant leap forward in wearable health technology, offering a washable, versatile, and highly accurate moni-toring solution.