TY - JOUR
T1 - Hard and superhard TiAlBN coatings deposited by twin electron-beam evaporation
AU - Rebholz, C.
AU - Monclus, M. A.
AU - Baker, M. A.
AU - Mayrhofer, P. H.
AU - Gibson, P. N.
AU - Leyland, A.
AU - Matthews, Allan
PY - 2007/3/26
Y1 - 2007/3/26
N2 - Superhard nanostructured coatings, prepared by plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition (PACVD) and physical vapour deposition (PAPVD) techniques, such as vacuum arc evaporation and magnetron sputtering, are receiving increasing attention due to their potential applications for wear protection. In this study nanocomposite (TiAl)BxNy (0.09 ≤ x ≤ 1.35; 1.07 ≤ y ≤ 2.30) coatings, consisting of nanocrystalline (Ti,Al)N and amorphous BN, were deposited onto Si (100), AISI 316 stainless steel and AISI M2 tool steel substrates by co-evaporation of Ti and hot isostatically pressed (HIPped) Ti-Al-B-N material from a thermionically enhanced twin crucible electron-beam (EB) evaporation source in an Ar plasma at 450 °C. The coating stoichiometry, relative phase composition, nanostructure and mechanical properties were determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), in combination with nanoindentation measurements. Aluminium (∼ 10 at.% in coatings) was found to substitute for titanium in the cubic TiN based structure. (Ti,Al)B0.14N1.12 and (Ti,Al)B0.45N1.37 coatings with average (Ti,Al)N grain sizes of 5-6 nm and either ∼ 70, or ∼ 90, mol% (Ti,Al)N showed hardness and elastic modulus values of ∼ 40 and ∼ 340 GPa, respectively. (Ti,Al)B0.14N1.12 coatings retained their 'as-deposited' mechanical properties for more than 90 months at room temperature in air, comparing results gathered from eight different nanoindentation systems. During vacuum annealing, all coatings examined exhibited structural stability to temperatures in excess of 900 °C, and revealed a moderate, but significant, increase in hardness. For (Ti,Al)B0.14N1.12 coatings the hardness increased from ∼ 40 to ∼ 45 GPa.
AB - Superhard nanostructured coatings, prepared by plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition (PACVD) and physical vapour deposition (PAPVD) techniques, such as vacuum arc evaporation and magnetron sputtering, are receiving increasing attention due to their potential applications for wear protection. In this study nanocomposite (TiAl)BxNy (0.09 ≤ x ≤ 1.35; 1.07 ≤ y ≤ 2.30) coatings, consisting of nanocrystalline (Ti,Al)N and amorphous BN, were deposited onto Si (100), AISI 316 stainless steel and AISI M2 tool steel substrates by co-evaporation of Ti and hot isostatically pressed (HIPped) Ti-Al-B-N material from a thermionically enhanced twin crucible electron-beam (EB) evaporation source in an Ar plasma at 450 °C. The coating stoichiometry, relative phase composition, nanostructure and mechanical properties were determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), in combination with nanoindentation measurements. Aluminium (∼ 10 at.% in coatings) was found to substitute for titanium in the cubic TiN based structure. (Ti,Al)B0.14N1.12 and (Ti,Al)B0.45N1.37 coatings with average (Ti,Al)N grain sizes of 5-6 nm and either ∼ 70, or ∼ 90, mol% (Ti,Al)N showed hardness and elastic modulus values of ∼ 40 and ∼ 340 GPa, respectively. (Ti,Al)B0.14N1.12 coatings retained their 'as-deposited' mechanical properties for more than 90 months at room temperature in air, comparing results gathered from eight different nanoindentation systems. During vacuum annealing, all coatings examined exhibited structural stability to temperatures in excess of 900 °C, and revealed a moderate, but significant, increase in hardness. For (Ti,Al)B0.14N1.12 coatings the hardness increased from ∼ 40 to ∼ 45 GPa.
KW - Electron-beam evaporation
KW - Nanoindentation
KW - Physical vapour deposition (PVD)
KW - Superhard nanocomposites
KW - Thermal stability
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=33846829972&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.08.121
DO - 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.08.121
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:33846829972
SN - 0257-8972
VL - 201
SP - 6078
EP - 6083
JO - Surface and Coatings Technology
JF - Surface and Coatings Technology
IS - 13
ER -