Implications of non-ideal gas dispersion for underground hydrogen storage

The gas displacement in porous media is a crucial process with extensive industrial and environmental applications. A notable example is underground hydrogen storage, where it is important to understand hydrogen mixing with cushion gas. The current paper explores anomalies in dispersion behaviour of gas mixtures under opposing flow directions (injection and production) from a modelling perspective. Due to the gaseous nature of the system, it presents significant complexities due to non-ideal mixing, compressibility, and higher diffusivity compared to Newtonian fluid transport. The findings reveal distinct dispersion behaviour during injection and production, where augmenting the mixture non-ideality enhanced the non-unique behaviour. In contrast to the dispersivity seen in Newtonian fluid flow in porous media, our research identifies that dispersivity in gas displacement depends not only on the porous medium but also on the gaseous components’ properties.