In Situ Early-Stage CO2 Corrosion Scale Study with 2D Synchrotron SAXS-WAXS

M. Hassan Sk; S. M.  Clarke; M. Woolley; A.  Osudare; S. Agrawal; N. Sharifi; D. E. Craske; R. Lindsay; M. Casford; A. Smith; N. Terrill

In Situ Early-Stage CO₂ Corrosion Scale Study with 2D Synchrotron SAXS-WAXS

M. Hassan Sk
, S. M. Clarke
, M. Woolley
, A. Osudare
, S. Agrawal
, N. Sharifi
, D. E. Craske
, R. Lindsay
, M. Casford
, A. Smith
, N. Terrill

Materials Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

In this study we have investigated the nucleation mechanism of ‘sweet’, CO₂ corrosion scale in situ using synchrotron scattering under industrially relevant conditions (CO₂ saturated brine, ultra-low oxygen (8-32 ppb), 80^oC, pH 6.8, open-circuit-potential (OCP)). Simultaneous small and wide-angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS-WAXS) measurement allows the phase and state of the nucleating corrosion scale to be characterised as a function of both immersion time and location with respect to the metal/solution interface. The results indicate that a precursor amorphous phase is formed prior to the emergence of a crystalline iron carbonate scale.

Original language	English
Journal	Corrosion Science
Publication status	Accepted/In press - 20 Aug 2025

Keywords

CO2/sweet corrosion
Early-stage nucleation
SAXS-WAXS
2D- spatial/temporal map
Amorphous/Crystalline Iron Carbonate Scale

Embargoed Document

Manuscript_Corrosion Science_ M Hassan Sk et al_ Aug 2025
Accepted author manuscript, 1.94 MB
Licence: CC BY
Embargo ends: 22/08/26

Cite this

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title = "In Situ Early-Stage CO2 Corrosion Scale Study with 2D Synchrotron SAXS-WAXS",

abstract = "In this study we have investigated the nucleation mechanism of {\textquoteleft}sweet{\textquoteright}, CO2 corrosion scale in situ using synchrotron scattering under industrially relevant conditions (CO2 saturated brine, ultra-low oxygen (8-32 ppb), 80oC, pH 6.8, open-circuit-potential (OCP)). Simultaneous small and wide-angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS-WAXS) measurement allows the phase and state of the nucleating corrosion scale to be characterised as a function of both immersion time and location with respect to the metal/solution interface. The results indicate that a precursor amorphous phase is formed prior to the emergence of a crystalline iron carbonate scale.",

keywords = "CO2/sweet corrosion, Early-stage nucleation, SAXS-WAXS, 2D- spatial/temporal map, Amorphous/Crystalline Iron Carbonate Scale",

author = "\{Hassan Sk\}, M. and Clarke, \{S. M.\} and M. Woolley and A. Osudare and S. Agrawal and N. Sharifi and Craske, \{D. E.\} and R. Lindsay and M. Casford and A. Smith and N. Terrill",

year = "2025",

month = aug,

day = "20",

language = "English",

journal = "Corrosion Science",

issn = "0010-938X",

publisher = "Elsevier BV",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - In Situ Early-Stage CO2 Corrosion Scale Study with 2D Synchrotron SAXS-WAXS

AU - Hassan Sk, M.

AU - Clarke, S. M.

AU - Woolley, M.

AU - Osudare, A.

AU - Agrawal, S.

AU - Sharifi, N.

AU - Craske, D. E.

AU - Lindsay, R.

AU - Casford, M.

AU - Smith, A.

AU - Terrill, N.

PY - 2025/8/20

Y1 - 2025/8/20

N2 - In this study we have investigated the nucleation mechanism of ‘sweet’, CO2 corrosion scale in situ using synchrotron scattering under industrially relevant conditions (CO2 saturated brine, ultra-low oxygen (8-32 ppb), 80oC, pH 6.8, open-circuit-potential (OCP)). Simultaneous small and wide-angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS-WAXS) measurement allows the phase and state of the nucleating corrosion scale to be characterised as a function of both immersion time and location with respect to the metal/solution interface. The results indicate that a precursor amorphous phase is formed prior to the emergence of a crystalline iron carbonate scale.

AB - In this study we have investigated the nucleation mechanism of ‘sweet’, CO2 corrosion scale in situ using synchrotron scattering under industrially relevant conditions (CO2 saturated brine, ultra-low oxygen (8-32 ppb), 80oC, pH 6.8, open-circuit-potential (OCP)). Simultaneous small and wide-angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS-WAXS) measurement allows the phase and state of the nucleating corrosion scale to be characterised as a function of both immersion time and location with respect to the metal/solution interface. The results indicate that a precursor amorphous phase is formed prior to the emergence of a crystalline iron carbonate scale.

KW - CO2/sweet corrosion

KW - Early-stage nucleation

KW - SAXS-WAXS

KW - 2D- spatial/temporal map

KW - Amorphous/Crystalline Iron Carbonate Scale

M3 - Article

SN - 0010-938X

JO - Corrosion Science

JF - Corrosion Science

ER -