TY - JOUR
T1 - Infectiousness of places – Impact of multiscale human activity places in the transmission of COVID-19
AU - Liu, Lun
AU - Wang, Hui
AU - Zhang, Zhu
AU - Zhang, Weiyi
AU - Zhuang, Shengsheng
AU - Wang, Shenhao
AU - Silva, Elisabete A.
AU - Lv, Tingmiao
AU - Chio, Chi On
AU - Wang, Yifan
AU - Dao, Rina
AU - Tang, Chuchang
AU - Ao-Ieong, On Ieng
PY - 2022/11/3
Y1 - 2022/11/3
N2 - COVID-19 raises attention to epidemic transmission in various places. This study analyzes the transmission risks associated with human activity places at multiple scales, including different types of settlements and eleven types of specific establishments (restaurants, bars, etc.), using COVID-19 data in 906 urban areas across four continents. Through a difference-in-difference approach, we identify the causal effects of activities at various places on epidemic transmission. We find that at the micro-scale, though the transmission risks at different establishments differ across countries, sports, entertainment, and catering establishments are generally more infectious. At the macro-scale, contradicting common beliefs, it is consistent across countries that transmission does not increase with settlement size and density. It is also consistent that specific establishments play a lesser role in transmission in larger settlements, suggesting more transmission happening elsewhere. These findings contribute to building a system of knowledge on the linkage between places, human activities, and disease transmission.
AB - COVID-19 raises attention to epidemic transmission in various places. This study analyzes the transmission risks associated with human activity places at multiple scales, including different types of settlements and eleven types of specific establishments (restaurants, bars, etc.), using COVID-19 data in 906 urban areas across four continents. Through a difference-in-difference approach, we identify the causal effects of activities at various places on epidemic transmission. We find that at the micro-scale, though the transmission risks at different establishments differ across countries, sports, entertainment, and catering establishments are generally more infectious. At the macro-scale, contradicting common beliefs, it is consistent across countries that transmission does not increase with settlement size and density. It is also consistent that specific establishments play a lesser role in transmission in larger settlements, suggesting more transmission happening elsewhere. These findings contribute to building a system of knowledge on the linkage between places, human activities, and disease transmission.
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42949-022-00074-w
U2 - 10.1038/s42949-022-00074-w
DO - 10.1038/s42949-022-00074-w
M3 - Article
SN - 2661-8001
JO - npj urban sustainability
JF - npj urban sustainability
ER -