Abstract
This theoretical and numerical study presents three-dimensional boundary-layer solutions for laminar incompressible flow adjacent to a semi-infinite flat plate, subject to a uniform free-stream speed and injection through the plate surface. The novelty in this case arises from a fully three-dimensional formulation, which also allows for slot injection over a spanwise lengthscale comparable to the boundary-layer thickness. This approach retains viscous effects in both the spanwise and transverse directions, and effectively results in a parabolised Navier–Stokes system (sometimes referred to as the ‘boundaryregion equations’). Any injection profile can be described in this approach, but we restrict attention to three-dimensional states driven by a finite-width slot aligned with the flow
direction and self-similar in their downstreamdevelopment. The classical two-dimensional
states are known to only exist up to a critical (‘blow off’) injection amplitude, but the
three-dimensional solutions here appear possible for any injection velocity. These new
states take the form of low-speed streamwise-aligned streaks whose geometry depends
on the amplitude of injection and the spanwise width of the injection slot; intriguingly,
although very low wall shear is typically obtained, streamwise flow reversal is not observed,
however hard the blowing. Asymptotic descriptions are provided in the limit of
increasing slot width and fixed injection velocity, which allows for classification of the
solutions according to two bounding injection rates.
direction and self-similar in their downstreamdevelopment. The classical two-dimensional
states are known to only exist up to a critical (‘blow off’) injection amplitude, but the
three-dimensional solutions here appear possible for any injection velocity. These new
states take the form of low-speed streamwise-aligned streaks whose geometry depends
on the amplitude of injection and the spanwise width of the injection slot; intriguingly,
although very low wall shear is typically obtained, streamwise flow reversal is not observed,
however hard the blowing. Asymptotic descriptions are provided in the limit of
increasing slot width and fixed injection velocity, which allows for classification of the
solutions according to two bounding injection rates.
Original language | English |
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Journal | Journal of Fluid Mechanics |
Volume | 822 |
Early online date | 7 Jun 2017 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 31 Jul 2017 |