Kepler K2 Campaign 9: II. First space-based discovery of an exoplanet using microlensing

D. Specht; R. Poleski; M. T. Penny; E. Kerins; I. McDonald; Chung-Uk Lee; A. Udalski; I. A. Bond; Y. Shvartzvald; Weicheng Zang; R. A. Street; D. W. Hogg; B. S. Gaudi; T. Barclay; G. Barentsen; S. B. Howell; F. Mullally; C. B. Henderson; S. T. Bryson; D. A. Caldwell; M. R. Haas; J. E. Van Cleve; K. Larson; K. McCalmont; C. Peterson; D. Putnam; S. Ross; M. Packard; L. Reedy; Michael D. Albrow; Sun-Ju Chung; Youn Kil Jung; Andrew Gould; Cheongho Han; Kyu-Ha Hwang; Yoon-Hyun Ryu; In-Gu Shin; Hongjing Yang; Jennifer C. Yee; Sang-Mok Cha; Dong-Jin Kim; Seung-Lee Kim; Dong-Joo Lee; Yongseok Lee; Byeong-Gon Park; Richard W. Pogge; M. K. Szymański; I. Soszyński; K. Ulaczyk; P. Pietrukowicz; Sz Kozłowski; J. Skowron; P. Mróz; Shude Mao; Pascal Fouqué; Wei Zhu; F. Abe; R. Barry; D. P. Bennett; A. Bhattacharya; A. Fukui; H. Fujii; Y. Hirao; Y. Itow; R. Kirikawa; I. Kondo; N. Koshimoto; Y. Matsubara; S. Matsumoto; S. Miyazaki; Y. Muraki; G. Olmschenk; C. Ranc; A. Okamura; N. J. Rattenbury; Y. Satoh; T. Sumi; D. Suzuki; S. I. Silva; T. Toda; P. J. Tristram; A. Vandorou; H. Yama; C. Beichman; G. Bryden; S. Calchi Novati

doi:10.1093/mnras/stad212

Kepler K2 Campaign 9: II. First space-based discovery of an exoplanet using microlensing

D. Specht, R. Poleski, M. T. Penny, E. Kerins, I. McDonald, Chung-Uk Lee, A. Udalski, I. A. Bond, Y. Shvartzvald, Weicheng Zang, R. A. Street, D. W. Hogg, B. S. Gaudi, T. Barclay, G. Barentsen, S. B. Howell, F. Mullally, C. B. Henderson, S. T. Bryson, D. A. CaldwellM. R. Haas, J. E. Van Cleve, K. Larson, K. McCalmont, C. Peterson, D. Putnam, S. Ross, M. Packard, L. Reedy, Michael D. Albrow, Sun-Ju Chung, Youn Kil Jung, Andrew Gould, Cheongho Han, Kyu-Ha Hwang, Yoon-Hyun Ryu, In-Gu Shin, Hongjing Yang, Jennifer C. Yee, Sang-Mok Cha, Dong-Jin Kim, Seung-Lee Kim, Dong-Joo Lee, Yongseok Lee, Byeong-Gon Park, Richard W. Pogge, M. K. Szymański, I. Soszyński, K. Ulaczyk, P. Pietrukowicz, Sz Kozłowski, J. Skowron, P. Mróz, Shude Mao, Pascal Fouqué, Wei Zhu, F. Abe, R. Barry, D. P. Bennett, A. Bhattacharya, A. Fukui, H. Fujii, Y. Hirao, Y. Itow, R. Kirikawa, I. Kondo, N. Koshimoto, Y. Matsubara, S. Matsumoto, S. Miyazaki, Y. Muraki, G. Olmschenk, C. Ranc, A. Okamura, N. J. Rattenbury, Y. Satoh, T. Sumi, D. Suzuki, S. I. Silva, T. Toda, P. J. Tristram, A. Vandorou, H. Yama, C. Beichman, G. Bryden, S. Calchi Novati

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

We present K2-2016-BLG-0005Lb, a densely sampled, planetary binary caustic-crossing microlensing event found from a blind search of data gathered from Campaign 9 of the Kepler K2 mission (K2C9). K2-2016-BLG-0005Lb is the first bound microlensing exoplanet discovered from space-based data. The event has caustic entry and exit points that are resolved in the K2C9 data, enabling the lens-source relative proper motion to be measured. We have fitted a binary microlens model to the Kepler data, and to simultaneous observations from multiple ground-based surveys. Whilst the ground-based data only sparsely sample the binary caustic, they provide a clear detection of parallax that allows us to break completely the microlensing mass-position-velocity degeneracy and measure the planet's mass directly. We find a host mass of 0.58 ± 0.04M_⊙ and a planetary mass of 1.1 ± 0.1M_J. The system lies at a distance of 5.2 ± 0.2 kpc from Earth towards the Galactic bulge, more than twice the distance of the previous most distant planet found by Kepler. The sky-projected separation of the planet from its host is found to be 4.2 ± 0.3 au which, for circular orbits, deprojects to a host separation $a = 4.4^{+1.9}_{-0.4}$ au and orbital period $P = 13^{+9}_{-2}$ yr. This makes K2-2016-BLG-0005MLb a close Jupiter analogue orbiting a low-mass host star. According to current planet formation models, this system is very close to the host mass threshold below which Jupiters are not expected to form. Upcoming space-based exoplanet microlensing surveys by NASA's Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope and, possibly, ESA's Euclid mission, will provide demanding tests of current planet formation models....

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	6350-6366
Number of pages	17
Journal	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume	520
Issue number	4
Early online date	31 Jan 2023
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad212
Publication status	Published - 1 Apr 2023

Keywords

gravitational lensing
micro
methods
data analysis
telescopes
surveys
Planets and satellites
detection

Access to Document

10.1093/mnras/stad212Licence: CC BY

Cite this

Specht, D., Poleski, R., Penny, M. T., Kerins, E., McDonald, I., Lee, C.-U., Udalski, A., Bond, I. A., Shvartzvald, Y., Zang, W., Street, R. A., Hogg, D. W., Gaudi, B. S., Barclay, T., Barentsen, G., Howell, S. B., Mullally, F., Henderson, C. B., Bryson, S. T., ... Novati, S. C. (2023). Kepler K2 Campaign 9: II. First space-based discovery of an exoplanet using microlensing. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 520(4), 6350-6366. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad212

@article{fd201152138449468689c175069e4b9b,

title = "Kepler K2 Campaign 9: II. First space-based discovery of an exoplanet using microlensing",

abstract = "We present K2-2016-BLG-0005Lb, a densely sampled, planetary binary caustic-crossing microlensing event found from a blind search of data gathered from Campaign 9 of the Kepler K2 mission (K2C9). K2-2016-BLG-0005Lb is the first bound microlensing exoplanet discovered from space-based data. The event has caustic entry and exit points that are resolved in the K2C9 data, enabling the lens-source relative proper motion to be measured. We have fitted a binary microlens model to the Kepler data, and to simultaneous observations from multiple ground-based surveys. Whilst the ground-based data only sparsely sample the binary caustic, they provide a clear detection of parallax that allows us to break completely the microlensing mass-position-velocity degeneracy and measure the planet's mass directly. We find a host mass of 0.58 ± 0.04M⊙ and a planetary mass of 1.1 ± 0.1MJ. The system lies at a distance of 5.2 ± 0.2 kpc from Earth towards the Galactic bulge, more than twice the distance of the previous most distant planet found by Kepler. The sky-projected separation of the planet from its host is found to be 4.2 ± 0.3 au which, for circular orbits, deprojects to a host separation $a = 4.4^{+1.9}_{-0.4}$ au and orbital period $P = 13^{+9}_{-2}$ yr. This makes K2-2016-BLG-0005MLb a close Jupiter analogue orbiting a low-mass host star. According to current planet formation models, this system is very close to the host mass threshold below which Jupiters are not expected to form. Upcoming space-based exoplanet microlensing surveys by NASA's Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope and, possibly, ESA's Euclid mission, will provide demanding tests of current planet formation models....",

keywords = "gravitational lensing, micro, methods, data analysis, telescopes, surveys, Planets and satellites, detection",

author = "D. Specht and R. Poleski and Penny, {M. T.} and E. Kerins and I. McDonald and Chung-Uk Lee and A. Udalski and Bond, {I. A.} and Y. Shvartzvald and Weicheng Zang and Street, {R. A.} and Hogg, {D. W.} and Gaudi, {B. S.} and T. Barclay and G. Barentsen and Howell, {S. B.} and F. Mullally and Henderson, {C. B.} and Bryson, {S. T.} and Caldwell, {D. A.} and Haas, {M. R.} and {Van Cleve}, {J. E.} and K. Larson and K. McCalmont and C. Peterson and D. Putnam and S. Ross and M. Packard and L. Reedy and Albrow, {Michael D.} and Sun-Ju Chung and Jung, {Youn Kil} and Andrew Gould and Cheongho Han and Kyu-Ha Hwang and Yoon-Hyun Ryu and In-Gu Shin and Hongjing Yang and Yee, {Jennifer C.} and Sang-Mok Cha and Dong-Jin Kim and Seung-Lee Kim and Dong-Joo Lee and Yongseok Lee and Byeong-Gon Park and Pogge, {Richard W.} and Szyma{\'n}ski, {M. K.} and I. Soszy{\'n}ski and K. Ulaczyk and P. Pietrukowicz and Sz Koz{\l}owski and J. Skowron and P. Mr{\'o}z and Shude Mao and Pascal Fouqu{\'e} and Wei Zhu and F. Abe and R. Barry and Bennett, {D. P.} and A. Bhattacharya and A. Fukui and H. Fujii and Y. Hirao and Y. Itow and R. Kirikawa and I. Kondo and N. Koshimoto and Y. Matsubara and S. Matsumoto and S. Miyazaki and Y. Muraki and G. Olmschenk and C. Ranc and A. Okamura and Rattenbury, {N. J.} and Y. Satoh and T. Sumi and D. Suzuki and Silva, {S. I.} and T. Toda and Tristram, {P. J.} and A. Vandorou and H. Yama and C. Beichman and G. Bryden and Novati, {S. Calchi}",

year = "2023",

month = apr,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1093/mnras/stad212",

language = "English",

volume = "520",

pages = "6350--6366",

journal = "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society",

issn = "1365-2966",

publisher = "Oxford University Press",

number = "4",

}

Specht, D, Poleski, R, Penny, MT, Kerins, E , McDonald, I, Lee, C-U, Udalski, A, Bond, IA, Shvartzvald, Y, Zang, W, Street, RA, Hogg, DW, Gaudi, BS, Barclay, T, Barentsen, G, Howell, SB, Mullally, F, Henderson, CB, Bryson, ST, Caldwell, DA, Haas, MR, Van Cleve, JE, Larson, K, McCalmont, K, Peterson, C, Putnam, D, Ross, S, Packard, M, Reedy, L, Albrow, MD, Chung, S-J, Jung, YK, Gould, A, Han, C, Hwang, K-H, Ryu, Y-H, Shin, I-G, Yang, H, Yee, JC, Cha, S-M, Kim, D-J, Kim, S-L, Lee, D-J, Lee, Y, Park, B-G, Pogge, RW, Szymański, MK, Soszyński, I, Ulaczyk, K, Pietrukowicz, P, Kozłowski, S, Skowron, J, Mróz, P, Mao, S, Fouqué, P, Zhu, W, Abe, F, Barry, R, Bennett, DP, Bhattacharya, A, Fukui, A, Fujii, H, Hirao, Y, Itow, Y, Kirikawa, R, Kondo, I, Koshimoto, N, Matsubara, Y, Matsumoto, S, Miyazaki, S, Muraki, Y, Olmschenk, G, Ranc, C, Okamura, A, Rattenbury, NJ, Satoh, Y, Sumi, T, Suzuki, D, Silva, SI, Toda, T, Tristram, PJ, Vandorou, A, Yama, H, Beichman, C, Bryden, G & Novati, SC 2023, 'Kepler K2 Campaign 9: II. First space-based discovery of an exoplanet using microlensing', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 520, no. 4, pp. 6350-6366. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad212

TY - JOUR

T1 - Kepler K2 Campaign 9: II. First space-based discovery of an exoplanet using microlensing

AU - Specht, D.

AU - Poleski, R.

AU - Penny, M. T.

AU - Kerins, E.

AU - McDonald, I.

AU - Lee, Chung-Uk

AU - Udalski, A.

AU - Bond, I. A.

AU - Shvartzvald, Y.

AU - Zang, Weicheng

AU - Street, R. A.

AU - Hogg, D. W.

AU - Gaudi, B. S.

AU - Barclay, T.

AU - Barentsen, G.

AU - Howell, S. B.

AU - Mullally, F.

AU - Henderson, C. B.

AU - Bryson, S. T.

AU - Caldwell, D. A.

AU - Haas, M. R.

AU - Van Cleve, J. E.

AU - Larson, K.

AU - McCalmont, K.

AU - Peterson, C.

AU - Putnam, D.

AU - Ross, S.

AU - Packard, M.

AU - Reedy, L.

AU - Albrow, Michael D.

AU - Chung, Sun-Ju

AU - Jung, Youn Kil

AU - Gould, Andrew

AU - Han, Cheongho

AU - Hwang, Kyu-Ha

AU - Ryu, Yoon-Hyun

AU - Shin, In-Gu

AU - Yang, Hongjing

AU - Yee, Jennifer C.

AU - Cha, Sang-Mok

AU - Kim, Dong-Jin

AU - Kim, Seung-Lee

AU - Lee, Dong-Joo

AU - Lee, Yongseok

AU - Park, Byeong-Gon

AU - Pogge, Richard W.

AU - Szymański, M. K.

AU - Soszyński, I.

AU - Ulaczyk, K.

AU - Pietrukowicz, P.

AU - Kozłowski, Sz

AU - Skowron, J.

AU - Mróz, P.

AU - Mao, Shude

AU - Fouqué, Pascal

AU - Zhu, Wei

AU - Abe, F.

AU - Barry, R.

AU - Bennett, D. P.

AU - Bhattacharya, A.

AU - Fukui, A.

AU - Fujii, H.

AU - Hirao, Y.

AU - Itow, Y.

AU - Kirikawa, R.

AU - Kondo, I.

AU - Koshimoto, N.

AU - Matsubara, Y.

AU - Matsumoto, S.

AU - Miyazaki, S.

AU - Muraki, Y.

AU - Olmschenk, G.

AU - Ranc, C.

AU - Okamura, A.

AU - Rattenbury, N. J.

AU - Satoh, Y.

AU - Sumi, T.

AU - Suzuki, D.

AU - Silva, S. I.

AU - Toda, T.

AU - Tristram, P. J.

AU - Vandorou, A.

AU - Yama, H.

AU - Beichman, C.

AU - Bryden, G.

AU - Novati, S. Calchi

PY - 2023/4/1

Y1 - 2023/4/1

N2 - We present K2-2016-BLG-0005Lb, a densely sampled, planetary binary caustic-crossing microlensing event found from a blind search of data gathered from Campaign 9 of the Kepler K2 mission (K2C9). K2-2016-BLG-0005Lb is the first bound microlensing exoplanet discovered from space-based data. The event has caustic entry and exit points that are resolved in the K2C9 data, enabling the lens-source relative proper motion to be measured. We have fitted a binary microlens model to the Kepler data, and to simultaneous observations from multiple ground-based surveys. Whilst the ground-based data only sparsely sample the binary caustic, they provide a clear detection of parallax that allows us to break completely the microlensing mass-position-velocity degeneracy and measure the planet's mass directly. We find a host mass of 0.58 ± 0.04M⊙ and a planetary mass of 1.1 ± 0.1MJ. The system lies at a distance of 5.2 ± 0.2 kpc from Earth towards the Galactic bulge, more than twice the distance of the previous most distant planet found by Kepler. The sky-projected separation of the planet from its host is found to be 4.2 ± 0.3 au which, for circular orbits, deprojects to a host separation $a = 4.4^{+1.9}_{-0.4}$ au and orbital period $P = 13^{+9}_{-2}$ yr. This makes K2-2016-BLG-0005MLb a close Jupiter analogue orbiting a low-mass host star. According to current planet formation models, this system is very close to the host mass threshold below which Jupiters are not expected to form. Upcoming space-based exoplanet microlensing surveys by NASA's Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope and, possibly, ESA's Euclid mission, will provide demanding tests of current planet formation models....

AB - We present K2-2016-BLG-0005Lb, a densely sampled, planetary binary caustic-crossing microlensing event found from a blind search of data gathered from Campaign 9 of the Kepler K2 mission (K2C9). K2-2016-BLG-0005Lb is the first bound microlensing exoplanet discovered from space-based data. The event has caustic entry and exit points that are resolved in the K2C9 data, enabling the lens-source relative proper motion to be measured. We have fitted a binary microlens model to the Kepler data, and to simultaneous observations from multiple ground-based surveys. Whilst the ground-based data only sparsely sample the binary caustic, they provide a clear detection of parallax that allows us to break completely the microlensing mass-position-velocity degeneracy and measure the planet's mass directly. We find a host mass of 0.58 ± 0.04M⊙ and a planetary mass of 1.1 ± 0.1MJ. The system lies at a distance of 5.2 ± 0.2 kpc from Earth towards the Galactic bulge, more than twice the distance of the previous most distant planet found by Kepler. The sky-projected separation of the planet from its host is found to be 4.2 ± 0.3 au which, for circular orbits, deprojects to a host separation $a = 4.4^{+1.9}_{-0.4}$ au and orbital period $P = 13^{+9}_{-2}$ yr. This makes K2-2016-BLG-0005MLb a close Jupiter analogue orbiting a low-mass host star. According to current planet formation models, this system is very close to the host mass threshold below which Jupiters are not expected to form. Upcoming space-based exoplanet microlensing surveys by NASA's Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope and, possibly, ESA's Euclid mission, will provide demanding tests of current planet formation models....

KW - gravitational lensing

KW - micro

KW - methods

KW - data analysis

KW - telescopes

KW - surveys

KW - Planets and satellites

KW - detection

U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stad212

DO - 10.1093/mnras/stad212

M3 - Article

SN - 1365-2966

VL - 520

SP - 6350

EP - 6366

JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

IS - 4

ER -

Kepler K2 Campaign 9: II. First space-based discovery of an exoplanet using microlensing

Abstract

Keywords

Access to Document

Fingerprint

Cite this