Locating the intense interstellar scattering towards the inner Galaxy

We use VLBA+VLA observations to measure the sizes of the scatter-broadened images of 6 of the most heavily scattered known pulsars: 3 within the Galactic Centre (GC) and 3 elsewhere in the inner Galactic plane (!l < 20_). By combining the measured sizes with temporal pulse broadening data from the literature and using the thin-screen approximation, we locate the scattering medium along the line of sight to these 6 pulsars. At least two scattering screens are needed to explain the observations of the GC sample. We show that the screen inferred by previous observations of SGR J1745−2900 and Sgr A*, which must be located far from the GC, falls o↵ in strength on scales . 0.2 degree. A second scattering component closer to (! < 2 kpc) or even (tentatively) within (! < 700 pc) the GC produces most or all of the temporal broadening observed in the other GC pulsars. Outside the GC, the scattering locations for all three pulsars are ' 2 kpc from Earth, consistent with the distance of the Carina-Sagittarius or Scutum spiral arm. For each object the 3D scattering origin coincides with a known HII region (and in one case also a supernova remnant), suggesting that such objects preferentially cause the intense interstellar scattering seen towards the Galactic plane. We show that the HII regions should contribute & 25% of the total dispersion measure (DM) towards these pulsars, and calculate reduced DM distances. Those distances for other pulsars lying behind HII regions may be similarly overestimated.