Mapping hidden residual structure within the Myc bHLH-LZ domain using chemical denaturant titration

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) underpin biological regulation and hence are highly desirable drug-development targets. NMR is normally the tool of choice for studying the conformational preferences of IDPs but the association of regions with residual structure into partially collapsed states can lead to poor spectral quality. The bHLH-LZ domain of the oncoprotein Myc is an archetypal example of such behaviour. To circumvent spectral limitations, we introduce chemical denaturant titration (CDT) NMR, which exploits the predictable manner in which chemical denaturants disrupt residual structure and the rapid exchange between conformers in IDP ensembles. The secondary structure preferences and tertiary interactions of Myc are determined for all bHLH-LZ residues, including those with poor NMR properties under native conditions. This reveals conformations that are not predictable using existing crystal structures. The CDT-NMR method also maps the interaction site of the prototype Myc inhibitor, 10058-F4, to areas of residual structure.