Mitigating calibration errors from mutual coupling with time-domain filtering of 21 cm cosmological radio observations

N. Charles; R. Pascua; G. Bernardi; O. Smirnov; E. d. L. Acedo; Z. Abdurashidova; T. Adams; J. E. Aguirre; R. Baartman; A. P. Beardsley; L. M. Berkhout; T. S. Billings; J. D. Bowman; P. Bull; J. Burba; R. Byrne; S. Carey; K. Chen; S. Choudhuri; T. Cox; D. R. DeBoer; M. Dexter; J. S. Dillon; S. Dynes; N. Eksteen; J. Ely; A. Ewall-Wice; R. Fritz; S. R. Furlanetto; K. Gale-Sides; H. Garsden; B. K. Gehlot; A. Ghosh; A. Gorce; D. Gorthi; Z. Halday; B. J. Hazelton; J. N. Hewitt; J. Hickish; T. Huang; D. C. Jacobs; A. Josaitis; J. Kerrigan; P. Kittiwisit; M. Kolopanis; A. Lanman; A. Liu; Y. -Z. Ma; D. H. E. MacMahon; L. Malan; K. Malgas; C. Malgas; B. Marero; Z. E. Martinot; L. McBride; A. Mesinger; N. Mohamed-Hinds; M. Molewa; M. F. Morales; S. Murray; B. Nikolic; H. Nuwegeld; A. R. Parsons; N. Patra; P. L. Plante; Y. Qin; E. Rath; N. Razavi-Ghods; D. Riley; J. Robnett; K. Rosie; M. G. Santos; P. Sims; S. Singh; D. Storer; H. Swarts; J. Tan; M. J. Wilensky; P. K. G. Williams; P. v. Wyngaarden; H. Zheng

Mitigating calibration errors from mutual coupling with time-domain filtering of 21 cm cosmological radio observations

N. Charles, R. Pascua, G. Bernardi, O. Smirnov, E. d. L. Acedo, Z. Abdurashidova, T. Adams, J. E. Aguirre, R. Baartman, A. P. Beardsley, L. M. Berkhout, T. S. Billings, J. D. Bowman, P. Bull, J. Burba, R. Byrne, S. Carey, K. Chen, S. Choudhuri, T. CoxD. R. DeBoer, M. Dexter, J. S. Dillon, S. Dynes, N. Eksteen, J. Ely, A. Ewall-Wice, R. Fritz, S. R. Furlanetto, K. Gale-Sides, H. Garsden, B. K. Gehlot, A. Ghosh, A. Gorce, D. Gorthi, Z. Halday, B. J. Hazelton, J. N. Hewitt, J. Hickish, T. Huang, D. C. Jacobs, A. Josaitis, J. Kerrigan, P. Kittiwisit, M. Kolopanis, A. Lanman, A. Liu, Y. -Z. Ma, D. H. E. MacMahon, L. Malan, K. Malgas, C. Malgas, B. Marero, Z. E. Martinot, L. McBride, A. Mesinger, N. Mohamed-Hinds, M. Molewa, M. F. Morales, S. Murray, B. Nikolic, H. Nuwegeld, A. R. Parsons, N. Patra, P. L. Plante, Y. Qin, E. Rath, N. Razavi-Ghods, D. Riley, J. Robnett, K. Rosie, M. G. Santos, P. Sims, S. Singh, D. Storer, H. Swarts, J. Tan, M. J. Wilensky, P. K. G. Williams, P. v. Wyngaarden, H. Zheng

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Abstract

The 21 cm transition from neutral Hydrogen promises to be the best observational probe of the Epoch of Reionisation (EoR). This has led to the construction of low-frequency radio interferometric arrays, such as the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA), aimed at systematically mapping this emission for the first time. Precision calibration, however, is a requirement in 21 cm radio observations. Due to the spatial compactness of HERA, the array is prone to the effects of mutual coupling, which inevitably lead to non-smooth calibration errors that contaminate the data. When unsmooth gains are used in calibration, intrinsically spectrally-smooth foreground emission begins to contaminate the data in a way that can prohibit a clean detection of the cosmological EoR signal. In this paper, we show that the effects of mutual coupling on calibration quality can be reduced by applying custom time-domain filters to the data prior to calibration. We find that more robust calibration solutions are derived when filtering in this way, which reduces the observed foreground power leakage. Specifically, we find a reduction of foreground power leakage by 2 orders of magnitude at k=0.5.

Original language	Undefined
Publication status	Published - 30 Jul 2024

Keywords

astro-ph.IM
astro-ph.CO

Access to Document

2407.20923v1

Cite this

Charles, N., Pascua, R., Bernardi, G., Smirnov, O., Acedo, E. D. L., Abdurashidova, Z., Adams, T., Aguirre, J. E., Baartman, R., Beardsley, A. P., Berkhout, L. M., Billings, T. S., Bowman, J. D., Bull, P., Burba, J., Byrne, R., Carey, S., Chen, K., Choudhuri, S., ... Zheng, H. (2024). Mitigating calibration errors from mutual coupling with time-domain filtering of 21 cm cosmological radio observations.

@techreport{6089f10d2df549ac9772dc24eb796dcc,

title = "Mitigating calibration errors from mutual coupling with time-domain filtering of 21 cm cosmological radio observations",

abstract = "The 21 cm transition from neutral Hydrogen promises to be the best observational probe of the Epoch of Reionisation (EoR). This has led to the construction of low-frequency radio interferometric arrays, such as the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA), aimed at systematically mapping this emission for the first time. Precision calibration, however, is a requirement in 21 cm radio observations. Due to the spatial compactness of HERA, the array is prone to the effects of mutual coupling, which inevitably lead to non-smooth calibration errors that contaminate the data. When unsmooth gains are used in calibration, intrinsically spectrally-smooth foreground emission begins to contaminate the data in a way that can prohibit a clean detection of the cosmological EoR signal. In this paper, we show that the effects of mutual coupling on calibration quality can be reduced by applying custom time-domain filters to the data prior to calibration. We find that more robust calibration solutions are derived when filtering in this way, which reduces the observed foreground power leakage. Specifically, we find a reduction of foreground power leakage by 2 orders of magnitude at k=0.5.",

keywords = "astro-ph.IM, astro-ph.CO",

author = "N. Charles and R. Pascua and G. Bernardi and O. Smirnov and Acedo, {E. d. L.} and Z. Abdurashidova and T. Adams and Aguirre, {J. E.} and R. Baartman and Beardsley, {A. P.} and Berkhout, {L. M.} and Billings, {T. S.} and Bowman, {J. D.} and P. Bull and J. Burba and R. Byrne and S. Carey and K. Chen and S. Choudhuri and T. Cox and DeBoer, {D. R.} and M. Dexter and Dillon, {J. S.} and S. Dynes and N. Eksteen and J. Ely and A. Ewall-Wice and R. Fritz and Furlanetto, {S. R.} and K. Gale-Sides and H. Garsden and Gehlot, {B. K.} and A. Ghosh and A. Gorce and D. Gorthi and Z. Halday and Hazelton, {B. J.} and Hewitt, {J. N.} and J. Hickish and T. Huang and Jacobs, {D. C.} and A. Josaitis and J. Kerrigan and P. Kittiwisit and M. Kolopanis and A. Lanman and A. Liu and Ma, {Y. -Z.} and MacMahon, {D. H. E.} and L. Malan and K. Malgas and C. Malgas and B. Marero and Martinot, {Z. E.} and L. McBride and A. Mesinger and N. Mohamed-Hinds and M. Molewa and Morales, {M. F.} and S. Murray and B. Nikolic and H. Nuwegeld and Parsons, {A. R.} and N. Patra and Plante, {P. L.} and Y. Qin and E. Rath and N. Razavi-Ghods and D. Riley and J. Robnett and K. Rosie and Santos, {M. G.} and P. Sims and S. Singh and D. Storer and H. Swarts and J. Tan and Wilensky, {M. J.} and Williams, {P. K. G.} and Wyngaarden, {P. v.} and H. Zheng",

year = "2024",

month = jul,

day = "30",

language = "Undefined",

type = "WorkingPaper",

}

Charles, N, Pascua, R, Bernardi, G, Smirnov, O, Acedo, EDL, Abdurashidova, Z, Adams, T, Aguirre, JE, Baartman, R, Beardsley, AP, Berkhout, LM, Billings, TS, Bowman, JD, Bull, P, Burba, J, Byrne, R, Carey, S, Chen, K, Choudhuri, S, Cox, T, DeBoer, DR, Dexter, M, Dillon, JS, Dynes, S, Eksteen, N, Ely, J, Ewall-Wice, A, Fritz, R, Furlanetto, SR, Gale-Sides, K, Garsden, H, Gehlot, BK, Ghosh, A, Gorce, A, Gorthi, D, Halday, Z, Hazelton, BJ, Hewitt, JN, Hickish, J, Huang, T, Jacobs, DC, Josaitis, A, Kerrigan, J, Kittiwisit, P, Kolopanis, M, Lanman, A, Liu, A, Ma, Y-Z, MacMahon, DHE, Malan, L, Malgas, K, Malgas, C, Marero, B, Martinot, ZE, McBride, L, Mesinger, A, Mohamed-Hinds, N, Molewa, M, Morales, MF, Murray, S, Nikolic, B, Nuwegeld, H, Parsons, AR, Patra, N, Plante, PL, Qin, Y, Rath, E, Razavi-Ghods, N, Riley, D, Robnett, J, Rosie, K, Santos, MG, Sims, P, Singh, S, Storer, D, Swarts, H, Tan, J, Wilensky, MJ, Williams, PKG, Wyngaarden, PV & Zheng, H 2024 'Mitigating calibration errors from mutual coupling with time-domain filtering of 21 cm cosmological radio observations'.

TY - UNPB

T1 - Mitigating calibration errors from mutual coupling with time-domain filtering of 21 cm cosmological radio observations

AU - Charles, N.

AU - Pascua, R.

AU - Bernardi, G.

AU - Smirnov, O.

AU - Acedo, E. d. L.

AU - Abdurashidova, Z.

AU - Adams, T.

AU - Aguirre, J. E.

AU - Baartman, R.

AU - Beardsley, A. P.

AU - Berkhout, L. M.

AU - Billings, T. S.

AU - Bowman, J. D.

AU - Bull, P.

AU - Burba, J.

AU - Byrne, R.

AU - Carey, S.

AU - Chen, K.

AU - Choudhuri, S.

AU - Cox, T.

AU - DeBoer, D. R.

AU - Dexter, M.

AU - Dillon, J. S.

AU - Dynes, S.

AU - Eksteen, N.

AU - Ely, J.

AU - Ewall-Wice, A.

AU - Fritz, R.

AU - Furlanetto, S. R.

AU - Gale-Sides, K.

AU - Garsden, H.

AU - Gehlot, B. K.

AU - Ghosh, A.

AU - Gorce, A.

AU - Gorthi, D.

AU - Halday, Z.

AU - Hazelton, B. J.

AU - Hewitt, J. N.

AU - Hickish, J.

AU - Huang, T.

AU - Jacobs, D. C.

AU - Josaitis, A.

AU - Kerrigan, J.

AU - Kittiwisit, P.

AU - Kolopanis, M.

AU - Lanman, A.

AU - Liu, A.

AU - Ma, Y. -Z.

AU - MacMahon, D. H. E.

AU - Malan, L.

AU - Malgas, K.

AU - Malgas, C.

AU - Marero, B.

AU - Martinot, Z. E.

AU - McBride, L.

AU - Mesinger, A.

AU - Mohamed-Hinds, N.

AU - Molewa, M.

AU - Morales, M. F.

AU - Murray, S.

AU - Nikolic, B.

AU - Nuwegeld, H.

AU - Parsons, A. R.

AU - Patra, N.

AU - Plante, P. L.

AU - Qin, Y.

AU - Rath, E.

AU - Razavi-Ghods, N.

AU - Riley, D.

AU - Robnett, J.

AU - Rosie, K.

AU - Santos, M. G.

AU - Sims, P.

AU - Singh, S.

AU - Storer, D.

AU - Swarts, H.

AU - Tan, J.

AU - Wilensky, M. J.

AU - Williams, P. K. G.

AU - Wyngaarden, P. v.

AU - Zheng, H.

PY - 2024/7/30

Y1 - 2024/7/30

N2 - The 21 cm transition from neutral Hydrogen promises to be the best observational probe of the Epoch of Reionisation (EoR). This has led to the construction of low-frequency radio interferometric arrays, such as the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA), aimed at systematically mapping this emission for the first time. Precision calibration, however, is a requirement in 21 cm radio observations. Due to the spatial compactness of HERA, the array is prone to the effects of mutual coupling, which inevitably lead to non-smooth calibration errors that contaminate the data. When unsmooth gains are used in calibration, intrinsically spectrally-smooth foreground emission begins to contaminate the data in a way that can prohibit a clean detection of the cosmological EoR signal. In this paper, we show that the effects of mutual coupling on calibration quality can be reduced by applying custom time-domain filters to the data prior to calibration. We find that more robust calibration solutions are derived when filtering in this way, which reduces the observed foreground power leakage. Specifically, we find a reduction of foreground power leakage by 2 orders of magnitude at k=0.5.

AB - The 21 cm transition from neutral Hydrogen promises to be the best observational probe of the Epoch of Reionisation (EoR). This has led to the construction of low-frequency radio interferometric arrays, such as the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA), aimed at systematically mapping this emission for the first time. Precision calibration, however, is a requirement in 21 cm radio observations. Due to the spatial compactness of HERA, the array is prone to the effects of mutual coupling, which inevitably lead to non-smooth calibration errors that contaminate the data. When unsmooth gains are used in calibration, intrinsically spectrally-smooth foreground emission begins to contaminate the data in a way that can prohibit a clean detection of the cosmological EoR signal. In this paper, we show that the effects of mutual coupling on calibration quality can be reduced by applying custom time-domain filters to the data prior to calibration. We find that more robust calibration solutions are derived when filtering in this way, which reduces the observed foreground power leakage. Specifically, we find a reduction of foreground power leakage by 2 orders of magnitude at k=0.5.

KW - astro-ph.IM

KW - astro-ph.CO

M3 - Preprint

BT - Mitigating calibration errors from mutual coupling with time-domain filtering of 21 cm cosmological radio observations

ER -