TY - JOUR
T1 - Multiscale Regulation of the Intervertebral Disc: Achievements in Experimental, In Silico, and Regenerative Research
AU - Baumgartner, Laura
AU - Wuertz-kozak, Karin
AU - Le Maitre, Christine L.
AU - Wignall, Francis
AU - Richardson, Stephen M.
AU - Hoyland, Judith
AU - Ruiz Wills, Carlos
AU - González Ballester, Miguel A.
AU - Neidlin, Michael
AU - Alexopoulos, Leonidas G.
AU - Noailly, Jérôme
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding: M.N. acknowledges financial support from the German Research Foundation (DFG) via the scholarship “Forschungsstipendium” (PN: 387071423). L.G.A. acknowledges funding through the Operational Program Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation, under the call RESEARCH–CREATE–INNOVATE co-financed by the European Union and Greek national funds (Project Code: T1EDK-02829). K.W. acknowledges funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF PP00P2_163678/1). L.B., C.R.W., M.A.G.B., and J.N. acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (HOLOA-DPI2016-80283-C2-1-R, RYC-2015-18888). L.B., C.L.M., C.R.W., L.G.A., M.A.G.B., and J.N. further acknowledge financial support from the European Commission (Disc4All-H2020-MSCA-ITN-ETN-2020 GA: 955735).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/1/12
Y1 - 2021/1/12
N2 - Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a major risk factor of low back pain. It is defined by a progressive loss of the IVD structure and functionality, leading to severe impairments with restricted treatment options due to the highly demanding mechanical exposure of the IVD. Degenerative changes in the IVD usually increase with age but at an accelerated rate in some individuals. To understand the initiation and progression of this disease, it is crucial to identify key top-down and bottom-up regulations’ processes, across the cell, tissue, and organ levels, in health and disease. Owing to unremitting investigation of experimental research, the comprehension of detailed cell signaling pathways and their effect on matrix turnover significantly rose. Likewise, in silico research substantially contributed to a holistic understanding of spatiotemporal effects and complex, multifactorial interactions within the IVD. Together with important achievements in the research of biomaterials, manifold promising approaches for regenerative treatment options were presented over the last years. This review provides an integrative analysis of the current knowledge about (1) the multiscale function and regulation of the IVD in health and disease, (2) the possible regenerative strategies, and (3) the in silico models that shall eventually support the development of advanced therapies.
AB - Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a major risk factor of low back pain. It is defined by a progressive loss of the IVD structure and functionality, leading to severe impairments with restricted treatment options due to the highly demanding mechanical exposure of the IVD. Degenerative changes in the IVD usually increase with age but at an accelerated rate in some individuals. To understand the initiation and progression of this disease, it is crucial to identify key top-down and bottom-up regulations’ processes, across the cell, tissue, and organ levels, in health and disease. Owing to unremitting investigation of experimental research, the comprehension of detailed cell signaling pathways and their effect on matrix turnover significantly rose. Likewise, in silico research substantially contributed to a holistic understanding of spatiotemporal effects and complex, multifactorial interactions within the IVD. Together with important achievements in the research of biomaterials, manifold promising approaches for regenerative treatment options were presented over the last years. This review provides an integrative analysis of the current knowledge about (1) the multiscale function and regulation of the IVD in health and disease, (2) the possible regenerative strategies, and (3) the in silico models that shall eventually support the development of advanced therapies.
KW - Computational multiphysics
KW - Computational systems biology
KW - Disc cell molecular biology
KW - Extracellular matrix
KW - Intervertebral disc
KW - Intervertebral disc degeneration
KW - Multifactorial cell stimulation
KW - Multiscale modeling
KW - Regenerative medicine
KW - Tissue Engineering/methods
KW - Humans
KW - Signal Transduction/physiology
KW - Animals
KW - Intervertebral Disc Degeneration/physiopathology
KW - Computer Simulation
KW - Intervertebral Disc/physiopathology
KW - Extracellular Matrix/physiology
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85099421643&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/f1da963d-bbb9-3146-8419-a427573ef561/
U2 - 10.3390/ijms22020703
DO - 10.3390/ijms22020703
M3 - Review article
C2 - 33445782
SN - 1661-6596
VL - 22
SP - 1
EP - 42
JO - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
IS - 2
M1 - 703
ER -