Navigating Supply Chain Dynamics: Strategic Insights for Managing End-of-Life Solar Panel Waste

Over the past two decades, solar energy has emerged as a leading renewable energy source, with significant global growth. However, managing end-of-life (EoL) solar panels remains a substantial challenge, as most components currently end up in landfills. As the first batch of solar panels in Malaysia is set to reach EoL by 2034, and in light of stringent disposal regulations, this research is both timely and essential. This study projects future EoL solar panel waste and applies mathematical models incorporating the center of gravity and supply chain complexity to identify optimal recycling center locations. Findings indicate that Malaysia will generate over 191,380 tonnes of solar panel waste by 2051. Processing center locations are predicted to shift to reduce supply chain complexities. Perak, Kedah, and Selangor are the top contributors to Malaysia's solar energy capacity, collectively accounting for 1,574.012 MW-nearly half (48.91%) of the national total. Tembeling, Pahang, emerges as the optimal site for a solar panel waste processing center based on supply chain complexity analysis. This location minimizes logistical challenges and enhances transportation efficiency, making it a strategic choice for addressing Malaysia's growing solar panel waste. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers involved in sustainable energy transitions and circular economy initiatives, supporting the development of strategies to manage EoL solar panel waste and promote environmental sustainability in Malaysia's renewable energy sector.