NIR-to-NIR Two-Photon Excited CaF2: Tm3+,Yb3+ Nanoparticles: Multifunctional Nanoprobes for Highly Penetrating Fluorescence Bio-Imaging

Ning-Ning Dong, Marco Pedroni, Fabio Piccinelli, Giamaica Conti, Andrea Sbarbati, Juan Enrique Ramirez-Hernandez, Laura Martinez Maestro, Maria Carmen Iglesias-de la Cruz, Francisco Sanz-Rodriguez, Angeles Juarranz, Feng Chen, Fiorenzo Vetrone, John A. Capobianco, Jose Garcia Sole, Marco Bettinelli, Daniel Jaque, Adolfo Speghini

    Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

    Abstract

    In this study, we report on the remarkable two-photon excited fluorescence efficiency in the “biological window” of CaF2:Tm3+,Yb3+ nanoparticles. On the basis of the strong Tm3+ ion emission (at around 800 nm), tissue penetration depths as large as 2 mm have been demonstrated, which are more than 4 times those achievable based on the visible emissions in comparable CaF2:Er3+,Yb3+ nanoparticles. The outstanding penetration depth, together with the fluorescence thermal sensitivity demonstrated here, makes CaF2:Tm3+,Yb3+ nanoparticles ideal candidates as multifunctional nanoprobes for high contrast and highly penetrating in vivo fluorescence imaging applications.
    Original languageEnglish
    Pages (from-to)8665-8671
    JournalACS Nano
    Volume5
    Issue number11
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - Nov 2011

    Keywords

    • multifunctional nanoprobes
    • fluorescence bio-imaging
    • nanothermometers
    • near-infrared upconversion
    • calcium fluoride

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