Off-policy Q-learning: set-point design for optimizing dual-rate rougher flotation operational processes

Rougher flotation, composed of unit processes operating at a fast time scale and economic performance measurements known as operational indices measured at a slower time scale, is very basic and the first concentration stage for flotation plants. Optimizing operational process for rougher flotation circuits is extremely important due to high economic profit arising from the optimality of operational indices. This paper presents a novel off-policy Q-learning method to learn the
optimal solution to rougher flotation operational processes without the knowledge of dynamics of unit processes and operational indices. To this end, first, the optimal operational control (OOC) for dual-rate rougher flotation
processes is formulated. Second, H∞ tracking control problem is developed to optimally prescribe the set-points for the rougher flotation processes. Then, a zero-sum game off-policy Q-learning algorithm is proposed to find the
optimal set-points by using measured data. Finally, simulation experiments are employed to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.