Abstract
A wide variety of cell types, including immune cells, have been observed to frequently interact via transient, long-distance membrane connections [1-17]. However, considerable heterogeneity in their structure, mode of formation and functional properties has emerged, suggesting the existence of distinct subclasses [18-21]. Open-ended tunneling nanotubes allow for the trafficking of cytoplasmic material, e.g. endocytic vesicles, or the transmission of calcium signals [1,8]. Closed-ended membrane nanotubes do not seamlessly connect the cytoplasm between two interacting cells and a junction exists within the nanotube or where the nanotube meets a cell body [4,5,7]. Recent live cell imaging suggested that membrane nanotubes between T cells could present a novel route for HIV-1 transmission [7,22]. Here, we describe detailed protocols for observing membrane nanotubes and HIV-1 trafficking by live cell fluorescence microscopy. © 2010 Elsevier Inc.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 27-33 |
Number of pages | 6 |
Journal | Methods |
Volume | 53 |
Issue number | 1 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Jan 2011 |
Keywords
- Cytoplasmic bridges
- Filopodia
- Gag-GFP
- Laser scanning confocal microscopy
- Live cell imaging
- Membrane nanotubes