Pinacidil induces vascular dilation and hyperemia in vivo and does not impact biophysical properties of neurons and astrocytes in vitro

Vascular and neural systems are highly interdependent, as evidenced by the wealth of intrinsic modulators shared by the two systems. We tested the hypothesis that pinacidil, a selective agonist for the SUR2B receptor found on smooth muscles, could serve as an independent means of inducing vasodilation and increased local blood volume to emulate functional hyperemia. Application of pinacidil induced vasodilation and increased blood volume in the in vivo neocortex in anesthetized rats and awake mice. Direct application of this agent to the in vitro neocortical slice had no direct impact on biophysical properties of neurons or astrocytes assessed with whole-cell recording. These findings suggest that pinacidil provides an effective and selective means for inducing hyperemia in vivo, and may provide a useful tool in directly testing the impact of hemodynamics on neural activity, as recently predicted by the hemo-neural hypothesis. © 2013 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation.