Planck early results. V. The Low Frequency Instrument data processing

A. Zacchei; D. Maino; C. Baccigalupi; M. Bersanelli; A. Bonaldi; L. Bonavera; C. Burigana; R. C. Butler; F. Cuttaia; G. De Zotti; J. Dick; M. Frailis; S. Galeotta; J. González-Nuevo; K. M. Górski; A. Gregorio; E. Keihänen; R. Keskitalo; J. Knoche; H. Kurki-Suonio; C. R. Lawrence; S. Leach; J. P. Leahy; M. López-Caniego; N. Mandolesi; M. Maris; F. Matthai; P. R. Meinhold; A. Mennella; G. Morgante; N. Morisset; P. Natoli; F. Pasian; F. Perrotta; G. Polenta; T. Poutanen; M. Reinecke; S. Ricciardi; R. Rohlfs; M. Sandri; A. S. Suur-Uski; J. A. Tauber; D. Tavagnacco; L. Terenzi; M. Tomasi; J. Valiviita; F. Villa; A. Zonca; A. J. Banday; R. B. Barreiro; J. G. Bartlett; N. Bartolo; L. Bedini; K. Bennett; P. Binko; J. Borrill; F. R. Bouchet; M. Bremer; P. Cabella; B. Cappellini; X. Chen; L. Colombo; M. Cruz; A. Curto; L. Danese; R. D. Davies; R. J. Davis; G. De Gasperis; A. De Rosa; G. De Troia; C. Dickinson; J. M. Diego; S. Donzelli; U. Dörl; G. Efstathiou; T. A. Enßlin; H. K. Eriksen; M. C. Falvella; F. Finelli; E. Franceschi; T. C. Gaier; F. Gasparo; R. T. Génova-Santos; G. Giardino; F. Gómez; A. Gruppuso; F. K. Hansen; R. Hell; D. Herranz; W. Hovest; M. Huynh; J. Jewell; M. Juvela; T. S. Kisner; L. Knox; A. Lähteenmäki; J. M. Lamarre; R. Leonardi; J. León-Tavares; P. B. Lilje; P. M. Lubin; G. Maggio; D. Marinucci; E. Martínez-González; M. Massardi; S. Matarrese; M. T. Meharga; A. Melchiorri; M. Migliaccio; S. Mitra; A. Moss; H. U. Nørgaard-Nielsen; L. Pagano; R. Paladini; D. Paoletti; B. Partridge; D. Pearson; V. Pettorino; D. Pietrobon; G. Prézeau; P. Procopio; J. L. Puget; C. Quercellini; J. P. Rachen; R. Rebolo; G. Robbers; G. Rocha; J. A. Rubiño-Martín; E. Salerno; M. Savelainen; D. Scott; M. D. Seiffert; J. I. Silk; G. F. Smoot; J. Sternberg; F. Stivoli; R. Stompor; G. Tofani; L. Toffolatti; J. Tuovinen; M. Türler; G. Umana; P. Vielva; N. Vittorio; C. Vuerli; L. A. Wade; R. Watson; S. D M White; A. Wilkinson; T A {En{\ss}lin}; E {Mart{\'{\i}}nez-González}; H U {N{\o}rgaard-Nielsen}; J A {Rubiño-Mart{\'{\i}}n}

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201116484

Planck early results. V. The Low Frequency Instrument data processing

A. Zacchei, D. Maino, C. Baccigalupi, M. Bersanelli, A. Bonaldi, L. Bonavera, C. Burigana, R. C. Butler, F. Cuttaia, G. De Zotti, J. Dick, M. Frailis, S. Galeotta, J. González-Nuevo, K. M. Górski, A. Gregorio, E. Keihänen, R. Keskitalo, J. Knoche, H. Kurki-SuonioC. R. Lawrence, S. Leach, J. P. Leahy, M. López-Caniego, N. Mandolesi, M. Maris, F. Matthai, P. R. Meinhold, A. Mennella, G. Morgante, N. Morisset, P. Natoli, F. Pasian, F. Perrotta, G. Polenta, T. Poutanen, M. Reinecke, S. Ricciardi, R. Rohlfs, M. Sandri, A. S. Suur-Uski, J. A. Tauber, D. Tavagnacco, L. Terenzi, M. Tomasi, J. Valiviita, F. Villa, A. Zonca, A. J. Banday, R. B. Barreiro, J. G. Bartlett, N. Bartolo, L. Bedini, K. Bennett, P. Binko, J. Borrill, F. R. Bouchet, M. Bremer, P. Cabella, B. Cappellini, X. Chen, L. Colombo, M. Cruz, A. Curto, L. Danese, R. D. Davies, R. J. Davis, G. De Gasperis, A. De Rosa, G. De Troia, C. Dickinson, J. M. Diego, S. Donzelli, U. Dörl, G. Efstathiou, T. A. Enßlin, H. K. Eriksen, M. C. Falvella, F. Finelli, E. Franceschi, T. C. Gaier, F. Gasparo, R. T. Génova-Santos, G. Giardino, F. Gómez, A. Gruppuso, F. K. Hansen, R. Hell, D. Herranz, W. Hovest, M. Huynh, J. Jewell, M. Juvela, T. S. Kisner, L. Knox, A. Lähteenmäki, J. M. Lamarre, R. Leonardi, J. León-Tavares, P. B. Lilje, P. M. Lubin, G. Maggio, D. Marinucci, E. Martínez-González, M. Massardi, S. Matarrese, M. T. Meharga, A. Melchiorri, M. Migliaccio, S. Mitra, A. Moss, H. U. Nørgaard-Nielsen, L. Pagano, R. Paladini, D. Paoletti, B. Partridge, D. Pearson, V. Pettorino, D. Pietrobon, G. Prézeau, P. Procopio, J. L. Puget, C. Quercellini, J. P. Rachen, R. Rebolo, G. Robbers, G. Rocha, J. A. Rubiño-Martín, E. Salerno, M. Savelainen, D. Scott, M. D. Seiffert, J. I. Silk, G. F. Smoot, J. Sternberg, F. Stivoli, R. Stompor, G. Tofani, L. Toffolatti, J. Tuovinen, M. Türler, G. Umana, P. Vielva, N. Vittorio, C. Vuerli, L. A. Wade, R. Watson, S. D M White, A. Wilkinson, T A {En{\ss}lin}, E {Mart{\'{\i}}nez-González}, H U {N{\o}rgaard-Nielsen}, J A {Rubiño-Mart{\'{\i}}n}

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

We describe the processing of data from the Low Frequency Instrument (LFI) used in production of the Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalogue (ERCSC). In particular, we discuss the steps involved in reducing the data from telemetry packets to cleaned, calibrated, time-ordered data (TOD) and frequency maps. Data are continuously calibrated using the modulation of the temperature of the cosmic microwave background radiation induced by the motion of the spacecraft. Noise properties are estimated from TOD from which the sky signal has been removed using a generalized least square map-making algorithm. Measured 1/f noise knee-frequencies range from ~100 mHz at 30 GHz to a few tens of mHz at 70GHz. A destriping code (Madam) is employed to combine radiometric data and pointing information into sky maps, minimizing the variance of correlated noise. Noise covariance matrices required to compute statistical uncertainties on LFI and Planck products are also produced. Main beams are estimated down to the ≈ -10dB level using Jupiter transits, which are also used for geometrical calibration of the focal plane. © ESO, 2011.

Original language	English
Article number	A5
Journal	Astronomy and Astrophysics
Volume	536
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201116484
Publication status	Published - 2011

Keywords

Cosmic background radiation
Cosmology
data analysis
Methods
observations
Surveys

Access to Document

10.1051/0004-6361/201116484

http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011A%26A...536A...5Z

Cite this

Zacchei, A., Maino, D., Baccigalupi, C., Bersanelli, M., Bonaldi, A., Bonavera, L., Burigana, C., Butler, R. C., Cuttaia, F., De Zotti, G., Dick, J., Frailis, M., Galeotta, S., González-Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gregorio, A., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Knoche, J., ... {Rubiño-Mart{\'{\i}}n}, J. A. (2011). Planck early results. V. The Low Frequency Instrument data processing. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 536, Article A5. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201116484

@article{838ff6d01cf34bce8a070d492aac666c,

title = "Planck early results. V. The Low Frequency Instrument data processing",

abstract = "We describe the processing of data from the Low Frequency Instrument (LFI) used in production of the Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalogue (ERCSC). In particular, we discuss the steps involved in reducing the data from telemetry packets to cleaned, calibrated, time-ordered data (TOD) and frequency maps. Data are continuously calibrated using the modulation of the temperature of the cosmic microwave background radiation induced by the motion of the spacecraft. Noise properties are estimated from TOD from which the sky signal has been removed using a generalized least square map-making algorithm. Measured 1/f noise knee-frequencies range from ~100 mHz at 30 GHz to a few tens of mHz at 70GHz. A destriping code (Madam) is employed to combine radiometric data and pointing information into sky maps, minimizing the variance of correlated noise. Noise covariance matrices required to compute statistical uncertainties on LFI and Planck products are also produced. Main beams are estimated down to the ≈ -10dB level using Jupiter transits, which are also used for geometrical calibration of the focal plane. {\textcopyright} ESO, 2011.",

keywords = "Cosmic background radiation, Cosmology, data analysis, Methods, observations, Surveys",

author = "A. Zacchei and D. Maino and C. Baccigalupi and M. Bersanelli and A. Bonaldi and L. Bonavera and C. Burigana and Butler, {R. C.} and F. Cuttaia and {De Zotti}, G. and J. Dick and M. Frailis and S. Galeotta and J. Gonz{\'a}lez-Nuevo and G{\'o}rski, {K. M.} and A. Gregorio and E. Keih{\"a}nen and R. Keskitalo and J. Knoche and H. Kurki-Suonio and Lawrence, {C. R.} and S. Leach and Leahy, {J. P.} and M. L{\'o}pez-Caniego and N. Mandolesi and M. Maris and F. Matthai and Meinhold, {P. R.} and A. Mennella and G. Morgante and N. Morisset and P. Natoli and F. Pasian and F. Perrotta and G. Polenta and T. Poutanen and M. Reinecke and S. Ricciardi and R. Rohlfs and M. Sandri and Suur-Uski, {A. S.} and Tauber, {J. A.} and D. Tavagnacco and L. Terenzi and M. Tomasi and J. Valiviita and F. Villa and A. Zonca and Banday, {A. J.} and Barreiro, {R. B.} and Bartlett, {J. G.} and N. Bartolo and L. Bedini and K. Bennett and P. Binko and J. Borrill and Bouchet, {F. R.} and M. Bremer and P. Cabella and B. Cappellini and X. Chen and L. Colombo and M. Cruz and A. Curto and L. Danese and Davies, {R. D.} and Davis, {R. J.} and {De Gasperis}, G. and {De Rosa}, A. and {De Troia}, G. and C. Dickinson and Diego, {J. M.} and S. Donzelli and U. D{\"o}rl and G. Efstathiou and En{\ss}lin, {T. A.} and Eriksen, {H. K.} and Falvella, {M. C.} and F. Finelli and E. Franceschi and Gaier, {T. C.} and F. Gasparo and G{\'e}nova-Santos, {R. T.} and G. Giardino and F. G{\'o}mez and A. Gruppuso and Hansen, {F. K.} and R. Hell and D. Herranz and W. Hovest and M. Huynh and J. Jewell and M. Juvela and Kisner, {T. S.} and L. Knox and A. L{\"a}hteenm{\"a}ki and Lamarre, {J. M.} and R. Leonardi and J. Le{\'o}n-Tavares and Lilje, {P. B.} and Lubin, {P. M.} and G. Maggio and D. Marinucci and E. Mart{\'i}nez-Gonz{\'a}lez and M. Massardi and S. Matarrese and Meharga, {M. T.} and A. Melchiorri and M. Migliaccio and S. Mitra and A. Moss and N{\o}rgaard-Nielsen, {H. U.} and L. Pagano and R. Paladini and D. Paoletti and B. Partridge and D. Pearson and V. Pettorino and D. Pietrobon and G. Pr{\'e}zeau and P. Procopio and Puget, {J. L.} and C. Quercellini and Rachen, {J. P.} and R. Rebolo and G. Robbers and G. Rocha and Rubi{\~n}o-Mart{\'i}n, {J. A.} and E. Salerno and M. Savelainen and D. Scott and Seiffert, {M. D.} and Silk, {J. I.} and Smoot, {G. F.} and J. Sternberg and F. Stivoli and R. Stompor and G. Tofani and L. Toffolatti and J. Tuovinen and M. T{\"u}rler and G. Umana and P. Vielva and N. Vittorio and C. Vuerli and Wade, {L. A.} and R. Watson and White, {S. D M} and A. Wilkinson and {En{\ss}lin}, {T A} and E {Mart{\'{\i}}nez-Gonz{\'a}lez} and {N{\o}rgaard-Nielsen}, {H U} and {Rubi{\~n}o-Mart{\'{\i}}n}, {J A}",

note = "DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201116484; eprintid: arXiv:1101.2040",

year = "2011",

doi = "10.1051/0004-6361/201116484",

language = "English",

volume = "536",

journal = "Astronomy and Astrophysics",

issn = "0004-6361",

publisher = "EDP Sciences",

}

Zacchei, A, Maino, D, Baccigalupi, C, Bersanelli, M, Bonaldi, A, Bonavera, L, Burigana, C, Butler, RC, Cuttaia, F, De Zotti, G, Dick, J, Frailis, M, Galeotta, S, González-Nuevo, J, Górski, KM, Gregorio, A, Keihänen, E, Keskitalo, R, Knoche, J, Kurki-Suonio, H, Lawrence, CR, Leach, S, Leahy, JP, López-Caniego, M, Mandolesi, N, Maris, M, Matthai, F, Meinhold, PR, Mennella, A, Morgante, G, Morisset, N, Natoli, P, Pasian, F, Perrotta, F, Polenta, G, Poutanen, T, Reinecke, M, Ricciardi, S, Rohlfs, R, Sandri, M, Suur-Uski, AS, Tauber, JA, Tavagnacco, D, Terenzi, L, Tomasi, M, Valiviita, J, Villa, F, Zonca, A, Banday, AJ, Barreiro, RB, Bartlett, JG, Bartolo, N, Bedini, L, Bennett, K, Binko, P, Borrill, J, Bouchet, FR, Bremer, M, Cabella, P, Cappellini, B, Chen, X, Colombo, L, Cruz, M, Curto, A, Danese, L, Davies, RD, Davis, RJ, De Gasperis, G, De Rosa, A, De Troia, G, Dickinson, C, Diego, JM, Donzelli, S, Dörl, U, Efstathiou, G, Enßlin, TA, Eriksen, HK, Falvella, MC, Finelli, F, Franceschi, E, Gaier, TC, Gasparo, F, Génova-Santos, RT, Giardino, G, Gómez, F, Gruppuso, A, Hansen, FK, Hell, R, Herranz, D, Hovest, W, Huynh, M, Jewell, J, Juvela, M, Kisner, TS, Knox, L, Lähteenmäki, A, Lamarre, JM, Leonardi, R, León-Tavares, J, Lilje, PB, Lubin, PM, Maggio, G, Marinucci, D, Martínez-González, E, Massardi, M, Matarrese, S, Meharga, MT, Melchiorri, A, Migliaccio, M, Mitra, S, Moss, A, Nørgaard-Nielsen, HU, Pagano, L, Paladini, R, Paoletti, D, Partridge, B, Pearson, D, Pettorino, V, Pietrobon, D, Prézeau, G, Procopio, P, Puget, JL, Quercellini, C, Rachen, JP, Rebolo, R, Robbers, G, Rocha, G, Rubiño-Martín, JA, Salerno, E, Savelainen, M, Scott, D, Seiffert, MD, Silk, JI, Smoot, GF, Sternberg, J, Stivoli, F, Stompor, R, Tofani, G, Toffolatti, L, Tuovinen, J, Türler, M, Umana, G, Vielva, P, Vittorio, N, Vuerli, C, Wade, LA, Watson, R, White, SDM, Wilkinson, A, {En{\ss}lin}, TA, {Mart{\'{\i}}nez-González}, E, {N{\o}rgaard-Nielsen}, HU & {Rubiño-Mart{\'{\i}}n}, JA 2011, 'Planck early results. V. The Low Frequency Instrument data processing', Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 536, A5. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201116484

TY - JOUR

T1 - Planck early results. V. The Low Frequency Instrument data processing

AU - Zacchei, A.

AU - Maino, D.

AU - Baccigalupi, C.

AU - Bersanelli, M.

AU - Bonaldi, A.

AU - Bonavera, L.

AU - Burigana, C.

AU - Butler, R. C.

AU - Cuttaia, F.

AU - De Zotti, G.

AU - Dick, J.

AU - Frailis, M.

AU - Galeotta, S.

AU - González-Nuevo, J.

AU - Górski, K. M.

AU - Gregorio, A.

AU - Keihänen, E.

AU - Keskitalo, R.

AU - Knoche, J.

AU - Kurki-Suonio, H.

AU - Lawrence, C. R.

AU - Leach, S.

AU - Leahy, J. P.

AU - López-Caniego, M.

AU - Mandolesi, N.

AU - Maris, M.

AU - Matthai, F.

AU - Meinhold, P. R.

AU - Mennella, A.

AU - Morgante, G.

AU - Morisset, N.

AU - Natoli, P.

AU - Pasian, F.

AU - Perrotta, F.

AU - Polenta, G.

AU - Poutanen, T.

AU - Reinecke, M.

AU - Ricciardi, S.

AU - Rohlfs, R.

AU - Sandri, M.

AU - Suur-Uski, A. S.

AU - Tauber, J. A.

AU - Tavagnacco, D.

AU - Terenzi, L.

AU - Tomasi, M.

AU - Valiviita, J.

AU - Villa, F.

AU - Zonca, A.

AU - Banday, A. J.

AU - Barreiro, R. B.

AU - Bartlett, J. G.

AU - Bartolo, N.

AU - Bedini, L.

AU - Bennett, K.

AU - Binko, P.

AU - Borrill, J.

AU - Bouchet, F. R.

AU - Bremer, M.

AU - Cabella, P.

AU - Cappellini, B.

AU - Chen, X.

AU - Colombo, L.

AU - Cruz, M.

AU - Curto, A.

AU - Danese, L.

AU - Davies, R. D.

AU - Davis, R. J.

AU - De Gasperis, G.

AU - De Rosa, A.

AU - De Troia, G.

AU - Dickinson, C.

AU - Diego, J. M.

AU - Donzelli, S.

AU - Dörl, U.

AU - Efstathiou, G.

AU - Enßlin, T. A.

AU - Eriksen, H. K.

AU - Falvella, M. C.

AU - Finelli, F.

AU - Franceschi, E.

AU - Gaier, T. C.

AU - Gasparo, F.

AU - Génova-Santos, R. T.

AU - Giardino, G.

AU - Gómez, F.

AU - Gruppuso, A.

AU - Hansen, F. K.

AU - Hell, R.

AU - Herranz, D.

AU - Hovest, W.

AU - Huynh, M.

AU - Jewell, J.

AU - Juvela, M.

AU - Kisner, T. S.

AU - Knox, L.

AU - Lähteenmäki, A.

AU - Lamarre, J. M.

AU - Leonardi, R.

AU - León-Tavares, J.

AU - Lilje, P. B.

AU - Lubin, P. M.

AU - Maggio, G.

AU - Marinucci, D.

AU - Martínez-González, E.

AU - Massardi, M.

AU - Matarrese, S.

AU - Meharga, M. T.

AU - Melchiorri, A.

AU - Migliaccio, M.

AU - Mitra, S.

AU - Moss, A.

AU - Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U.

AU - Pagano, L.

AU - Paladini, R.

AU - Paoletti, D.

AU - Partridge, B.

AU - Pearson, D.

AU - Pettorino, V.

AU - Pietrobon, D.

AU - Prézeau, G.

AU - Procopio, P.

AU - Puget, J. L.

AU - Quercellini, C.

AU - Rachen, J. P.

AU - Rebolo, R.

AU - Robbers, G.

AU - Rocha, G.

AU - Rubiño-Martín, J. A.

AU - Salerno, E.

AU - Savelainen, M.

AU - Scott, D.

AU - Seiffert, M. D.

AU - Silk, J. I.

AU - Smoot, G. F.

AU - Sternberg, J.

AU - Stivoli, F.

AU - Stompor, R.

AU - Tofani, G.

AU - Toffolatti, L.

AU - Tuovinen, J.

AU - Türler, M.

AU - Umana, G.

AU - Vielva, P.

AU - Vittorio, N.

AU - Vuerli, C.

AU - Wade, L. A.

AU - Watson, R.

AU - White, S. D M

AU - Wilkinson, A.

AU - {En{\ss}lin}, T A

AU - {Mart{\'{\i}}nez-González}, E

AU - {N{\o}rgaard-Nielsen}, H U

AU - {Rubiño-Mart{\'{\i}}n}, J A

N1 - DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201116484; eprintid: arXiv:1101.2040

PY - 2011

Y1 - 2011

N2 - We describe the processing of data from the Low Frequency Instrument (LFI) used in production of the Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalogue (ERCSC). In particular, we discuss the steps involved in reducing the data from telemetry packets to cleaned, calibrated, time-ordered data (TOD) and frequency maps. Data are continuously calibrated using the modulation of the temperature of the cosmic microwave background radiation induced by the motion of the spacecraft. Noise properties are estimated from TOD from which the sky signal has been removed using a generalized least square map-making algorithm. Measured 1/f noise knee-frequencies range from ~100 mHz at 30 GHz to a few tens of mHz at 70GHz. A destriping code (Madam) is employed to combine radiometric data and pointing information into sky maps, minimizing the variance of correlated noise. Noise covariance matrices required to compute statistical uncertainties on LFI and Planck products are also produced. Main beams are estimated down to the ≈ -10dB level using Jupiter transits, which are also used for geometrical calibration of the focal plane. © ESO, 2011.

AB - We describe the processing of data from the Low Frequency Instrument (LFI) used in production of the Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalogue (ERCSC). In particular, we discuss the steps involved in reducing the data from telemetry packets to cleaned, calibrated, time-ordered data (TOD) and frequency maps. Data are continuously calibrated using the modulation of the temperature of the cosmic microwave background radiation induced by the motion of the spacecraft. Noise properties are estimated from TOD from which the sky signal has been removed using a generalized least square map-making algorithm. Measured 1/f noise knee-frequencies range from ~100 mHz at 30 GHz to a few tens of mHz at 70GHz. A destriping code (Madam) is employed to combine radiometric data and pointing information into sky maps, minimizing the variance of correlated noise. Noise covariance matrices required to compute statistical uncertainties on LFI and Planck products are also produced. Main beams are estimated down to the ≈ -10dB level using Jupiter transits, which are also used for geometrical calibration of the focal plane. © ESO, 2011.

KW - Cosmic background radiation

KW - Cosmology

KW - data analysis

KW - Methods

KW - observations

KW - Surveys

U2 - 10.1051/0004-6361/201116484

DO - 10.1051/0004-6361/201116484

M3 - Article

SN - 0004-6361

VL - 536

JO - Astronomy and Astrophysics

JF - Astronomy and Astrophysics

M1 - A5

ER -

Planck early results. V. The Low Frequency Instrument data processing

Abstract

Keywords

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