Planck intermediate results. XLI. A map of lensing-induced B-modes

Planck Collaboration; P.~A.~R. Ade; N. Aghanim; M. Ashdown; J. Aumont; C. Baccigalupi; A.~J. Banday; R.~B. Barreiro; N. Bartolo; S. Basak; E. Battaner; K. Benabed; A. Benoit-Lévy; J.-P. Bernard; M. Bersanelli; P. Bielewicz; J.~J. Bock; A. Bonaldi; L. Bonavera; J.~R. Bond; J. Borrill; F.~R. Bouchet; F. Boulanger; C. Burigana; R.~C. Butler; E. Calabrese; J.-F. Cardoso; A. Catalano; H.~C. Chiang; P.~R. Christensen; D.~L. Clements; S. Colombi; L.~P.~L. Colombo; C. Combet; B.~P. Crill; A. Curto; F. Cuttaia; L. Danese; R.~J. Davis; P. de Bernardis; G. de Zotti; J. Delabrouille; C. Dickinson; J.~M. Diego; O. Doré; A. Ducout; X. Dupac; F. Elsner; T.~A. Enßlin; H.~K. Eriksen; F. Finelli; O. Forni; M. Frailis; A.~A. Fraisse; E. Franceschi; S. Galeotta; S. Galli; K. Ganga; T. Ghosh; M. Giard; Y. Giraud-Héraud; E. Gjerløw; J. González-Nuevo; K.~M. Górski; A. Gruppuso; J.~E. Gudmundsson; D.~L. Harrison; C. Hernández-Monteagudo; D. Herranz; S.~R. Hildebrandt; A. Hornstrup; W. Hovest; G. Hurier; A.~H. Jaffe; W.~C. Jones; E. Keihänen; R. Keskitalo; T.~S. Kisner; J. Knoche; L. Knox; M. Kunz; H. Kurki-Suonio; G. Lagache; A. Lähteenmäki; J.-M. Lamarre; A. Lasenby; M. Lattanzi; R. Leonardi; F. Levrier; P.~B. Lilje; M. Linden-Vørnle; M. López-Caniego; P.~M. Lubin; J.~F. Macías-Pérez; B. Maffei; G. Maggio; D. Maino; N. Mandolesi; A. Mangilli; M. Maris; P.~G. Martin; E. Martínez-González; S. Masi; S. Matarrese; P.~R. Meinhold; A. Melchiorri; A. Mennella; M. Migliaccio; S. Mitra; M.-A. Miville-Deschênes; A. Moneti; L. Montier; G. Morgante; D. Mortlock; A. Moss; D. Munshi; J.~A. Murphy; P. Naselsky; F. Nati; P. Natoli; C.~B. Netterfield; H.~U. Nørgaard-Nielsen; D. Novikov; I. Novikov; L. Pagano; F. Pajot; D. Paoletti; F. Pasian; G. Patanchon; O. Perdereau; L. Perotto; V. Pettorino; F. Piacentini; M. Piat; E. Pierpaoli; E. Pointecouteau; G. Polenta; G.~W. Pratt; J.~P. Rachen; M. Reinecke; M. Remazeilles; C. Renault; A. Renzi; I. Ristorcelli; G. Rocha; C. Rosset; M. Rossetti; G. Roudier; J.~A. Rubiño-Martín; B. Rusholme; M. Sandri; D. Santos; M. Savelainen; G. Savini; D. Scott; L.~D. Spencer; V. Stolyarov; R. Stompor; R. Sudiwala; R. Sunyaev; D. Sutton; A.-S. Suur-Uski; J.-F. Sygnet; J.~A. Tauber; L. Terenzi; L. Toffolatti; M. Tomasi; M. Tristram; M. Tucci; J. Tuovinen; L. Valenziano; J. Valiviita; B. Van Tent; P. Vielva; F. Villa; L.~A. Wade; B.~D. Wandelt; I.~K. Wehus; D. Yvon; A. Zacchei; A. Zonca

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527932

Planck intermediate results. XLI. A map of lensing-induced B-modes

Planck Collaboration, P.~A.~R. Ade, N. Aghanim, M. Ashdown, J. Aumont, C. Baccigalupi, A.~J. Banday, R.~B. Barreiro, N. Bartolo, S. Basak, E. Battaner, K. Benabed, A. Benoit-Lévy, J.-P. Bernard, M. Bersanelli, P. Bielewicz, J.~J. Bock, A. Bonaldi, L. Bonavera, J.~R. BondJ. Borrill, F.~R. Bouchet, F. Boulanger, C. Burigana, R.~C. Butler, E. Calabrese, J.-F. Cardoso, A. Catalano, H.~C. Chiang, P.~R. Christensen, D.~L. Clements, S. Colombi, L.~P.~L. Colombo, C. Combet, B.~P. Crill, A. Curto, F. Cuttaia, L. Danese, R.~J. Davis, P. de Bernardis, G. de Zotti, J. Delabrouille, C. Dickinson, J.~M. Diego, O. Doré, A. Ducout, X. Dupac, F. Elsner, T.~A. Enßlin, H.~K. Eriksen, F. Finelli, O. Forni, M. Frailis, A.~A. Fraisse, E. Franceschi, S. Galeotta, S. Galli, K. Ganga, T. Ghosh, M. Giard, Y. Giraud-Héraud, E. Gjerløw, J. González-Nuevo, K.~M. Górski, A. Gruppuso, J.~E. Gudmundsson, D.~L. Harrison, C. Hernández-Monteagudo, D. Herranz, S.~R. Hildebrandt, A. Hornstrup, W. Hovest, G. Hurier, A.~H. Jaffe, W.~C. Jones, E. Keihänen, R. Keskitalo, T.~S. Kisner, J. Knoche, L. Knox, M. Kunz, H. Kurki-Suonio, G. Lagache, A. Lähteenmäki, J.-M. Lamarre, A. Lasenby, M. Lattanzi, R. Leonardi, F. Levrier, P.~B. Lilje, M. Linden-Vørnle, M. López-Caniego, P.~M. Lubin, J.~F. Macías-Pérez, B. Maffei, G. Maggio, D. Maino, N. Mandolesi, A. Mangilli, M. Maris, P.~G. Martin, E. Martínez-González, S. Masi, S. Matarrese, P.~R. Meinhold, A. Melchiorri, A. Mennella, M. Migliaccio, S. Mitra, M.-A. Miville-Deschênes, A. Moneti, L. Montier, G. Morgante, D. Mortlock, A. Moss, D. Munshi, J.~A. Murphy, P. Naselsky, F. Nati, P. Natoli, C.~B. Netterfield, H.~U. Nørgaard-Nielsen, D. Novikov, I. Novikov, L. Pagano, F. Pajot, D. Paoletti, F. Pasian, G. Patanchon, O. Perdereau, L. Perotto, V. Pettorino, F. Piacentini, M. Piat, E. Pierpaoli, E. Pointecouteau, G. Polenta, G.~W. Pratt, J.~P. Rachen, M. Reinecke, M. Remazeilles, C. Renault, A. Renzi, I. Ristorcelli, G. Rocha, C. Rosset, M. Rossetti, G. Roudier, J.~A. Rubiño-Martín, B. Rusholme, M. Sandri, D. Santos, M. Savelainen, G. Savini, D. Scott, L.~D. Spencer, V. Stolyarov, R. Stompor, R. Sudiwala, R. Sunyaev, D. Sutton, A.-S. Suur-Uski, J.-F. Sygnet, J.~A. Tauber, L. Terenzi, L. Toffolatti, M. Tomasi, M. Tristram, M. Tucci, J. Tuovinen, L. Valenziano, J. Valiviita, B. Van Tent, P. Vielva, F. Villa, L.~A. Wade, B.~D. Wandelt, I.~K. Wehus, D. Yvon, A. Zacchei, A. Zonca

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Abstract

The secondary cosmic microwave background (CMB) B-modes stem from the post-decoupling distortion of the polarization E-modes due to the gravitational lensing effect of large-scale structures. These lensing-induced B-modes constitute both a valuable probe of the dark matter distribution and an important contaminant for the extraction of the primary CMB B-modes from inflation. Planck provides accurate nearly all-sky measurements of both the polarization E-modes and the integrated mass distribution via the reconstruction of the CMB lensing potential. By combining these two data products, we have produced an all-sky template map of the lensing-induced B-modes using a real-space algorithm that minimizes the impact of sky masks. The cross-correlation of this template with an observed (primordial and secondary) B-mode map can be used to measure the lensing B-mode power spectrum at multipoles up to 2000. In particular, when cross-correlating with the B-mode contribution directly derived from the Planck polarization maps, we obtain lensing-induced B-mode power spectrum measurement at a significance level of 12σ, which agrees with the theoretical expectation derived from the Planck best-fit Λ cold dark matter model. This unique nearly all-sky secondary B-mode template, which includes the lensing-induced information from intermediate to small (10 ≲ ℓ ≲ 1000) angular scales, is delivered as part of the Planck 2015 public data release. It will be particularly useful for experiments searching for primordial B-modes, such as BICEP2/Keck Array or LiteBIRD, since it will enable an estimate to be made of the lensing-induced contribution to the measured total CMB B-modes.

Original language	Undefined
Pages (from-to)	A102
Journal	Astronomy & Astrophysics
Volume	596
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201527932
Publication status	Published - 12 Dec 2016

Keywords

cosmology: observations, cosmic background radiation, polarization, gravitational lensing: weak

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10.1051/0004-6361/201527932

aa27932-15Final published version, 42.5 MB

Cite this

Collaboration, P., Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartolo, N., Basak, S., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit-Lévy, A., Bernard, J.-P., Bersanelli, M., Bielewicz, P., Bock, J. J., Bonaldi, A., Bonavera, L., ... Zonca, A. (2016). Planck intermediate results. XLI. A map of lensing-induced B-modes. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 596, A102. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201527932

@article{565d503d372045ddb3421edfc80e4c07,

title = "Planck intermediate results. XLI. A map of lensing-induced B-modes",

abstract = "The secondary cosmic microwave background (CMB) B-modes stem from the post-decoupling distortion of the polarization E-modes due to the gravitational lensing effect of large-scale structures. These lensing-induced B-modes constitute both a valuable probe of the dark matter distribution and an important contaminant for the extraction of the primary CMB B-modes from inflation. Planck provides accurate nearly all-sky measurements of both the polarization E-modes and the integrated mass distribution via the reconstruction of the CMB lensing potential. By combining these two data products, we have produced an all-sky template map of the lensing-induced B-modes using a real-space algorithm that minimizes the impact of sky masks. The cross-correlation of this template with an observed (primordial and secondary) B-mode map can be used to measure the lensing B-mode power spectrum at multipoles up to 2000. In particular, when cross-correlating with the B-mode contribution directly derived from the Planck polarization maps, we obtain lensing-induced B-mode power spectrum measurement at a significance level of 12σ, which agrees with the theoretical expectation derived from the Planck best-fit Λ cold dark matter model. This unique nearly all-sky secondary B-mode template, which includes the lensing-induced information from intermediate to small (10 ≲ ℓ ≲ 1000) angular scales, is delivered as part of the Planck 2015 public data release. It will be particularly useful for experiments searching for primordial B-modes, such as BICEP2/Keck Array or LiteBIRD, since it will enable an estimate to be made of the lensing-induced contribution to the measured total CMB B-modes.",

keywords = "cosmology: observations, cosmic background radiation, polarization, gravitational lensing: weak",

author = "Planck Collaboration and P.~A.~R. Ade and N. Aghanim and M. Ashdown and J. Aumont and C. Baccigalupi and A.~J. Banday and R.~B. Barreiro and N. Bartolo and S. Basak and E. Battaner and K. Benabed and A. Benoit-L{\'e}vy and J.-P. Bernard and M. Bersanelli and P. Bielewicz and J.~J. Bock and A. Bonaldi and L. Bonavera and J.~R. Bond and J. Borrill and F.~R. Bouchet and F. Boulanger and C. Burigana and R.~C. Butler and E. Calabrese and J.-F. Cardoso and A. Catalano and H.~C. Chiang and P.~R. Christensen and D.~L. Clements and S. Colombi and L.~P.~L. Colombo and C. Combet and B.~P. Crill and A. Curto and F. Cuttaia and L. Danese and R.~J. Davis and {de Bernardis}, P. and {de Zotti}, G. and J. Delabrouille and C. Dickinson and J.~M. Diego and O. Dor{\'e} and A. Ducout and X. Dupac and F. Elsner and T.~A. En{\ss}lin and H.~K. Eriksen and F. Finelli and O. Forni and M. Frailis and A.~A. Fraisse and E. Franceschi and S. Galeotta and S. Galli and K. Ganga and T. Ghosh and M. Giard and Y. Giraud-H{\'e}raud and E. Gjerl{\o}w and J. Gonz{\'a}lez-Nuevo and K.~M. G{\'o}rski and A. Gruppuso and J.~E. Gudmundsson and D.~L. Harrison and C. Hern{\'a}ndez-Monteagudo and D. Herranz and S.~R. Hildebrandt and A. Hornstrup and W. Hovest and G. Hurier and A.~H. Jaffe and W.~C. Jones and E. Keih{\"a}nen and R. Keskitalo and T.~S. Kisner and J. Knoche and L. Knox and M. Kunz and H. Kurki-Suonio and G. Lagache and A. L{\"a}hteenm{\"a}ki and J.-M. Lamarre and A. Lasenby and M. Lattanzi and R. Leonardi and F. Levrier and P.~B. Lilje and M. Linden-V{\o}rnle and M. L{\'o}pez-Caniego and P.~M. Lubin and J.~F. Mac{\'i}as-P{\'e}rez and B. Maffei and G. Maggio and D. Maino and N. Mandolesi and A. Mangilli and M. Maris and P.~G. Martin and E. Mart{\'i}nez-Gonz{\'a}lez and S. Masi and S. Matarrese and P.~R. Meinhold and A. Melchiorri and A. Mennella and M. Migliaccio and S. Mitra and M.-A. Miville-Desch{\^e}nes and A. Moneti and L. Montier and G. Morgante and D. Mortlock and A. Moss and D. Munshi and J.~A. Murphy and P. Naselsky and F. Nati and P. Natoli and C.~B. Netterfield and H.~U. N{\o}rgaard-Nielsen and D. Novikov and I. Novikov and L. Pagano and F. Pajot and D. Paoletti and F. Pasian and G. Patanchon and O. Perdereau and L. Perotto and V. Pettorino and F. Piacentini and M. Piat and E. Pierpaoli and E. Pointecouteau and G. Polenta and G.~W. Pratt and J.~P. Rachen and M. Reinecke and M. Remazeilles and C. Renault and A. Renzi and I. Ristorcelli and G. Rocha and C. Rosset and M. Rossetti and G. Roudier and J.~A. Rubi{\~n}o-Mart{\'i}n and B. Rusholme and M. Sandri and D. Santos and M. Savelainen and G. Savini and D. Scott and L.~D. Spencer and V. Stolyarov and R. Stompor and R. Sudiwala and R. Sunyaev and D. Sutton and A.-S. Suur-Uski and J.-F. Sygnet and J.~A. Tauber and L. Terenzi and L. Toffolatti and M. Tomasi and M. Tristram and M. Tucci and J. Tuovinen and L. Valenziano and J. Valiviita and {Van Tent}, B. and P. Vielva and F. Villa and L.~A. Wade and B.~D. Wandelt and I.~K. Wehus and D. Yvon and A. Zacchei and A. Zonca",

year = "2016",

month = dec,

day = "12",

doi = "10.1051/0004-6361/201527932",

language = "Undefined",

volume = "596",

pages = "A102",

journal = "Astronomy & Astrophysics",

issn = "0004-6361",

publisher = "EDP Sciences",

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Collaboration, P, Ade, PAR, Aghanim, N, Ashdown, M, Aumont, J, Baccigalupi, C, Banday, AJ, Barreiro, RB, Bartolo, N, Basak, S, Battaner, E, Benabed, K, Benoit-Lévy, A, Bernard, J-P, Bersanelli, M, Bielewicz, P, Bock, JJ, Bonaldi, A, Bonavera, L, Bond, JR, Borrill, J, Bouchet, FR, Boulanger, F, Burigana, C, Butler, RC, Calabrese, E, Cardoso, J-F, Catalano, A, Chiang, HC, Christensen, PR, Clements, DL, Colombi, S, Colombo, LPL, Combet, C, Crill, BP, Curto, A, Cuttaia, F, Danese, L, Davis, RJ, de Bernardis, P, de Zotti, G, Delabrouille, J, Dickinson, C, Diego, JM, Doré, O, Ducout, A, Dupac, X, Elsner, F, Enßlin, TA, Eriksen, HK, Finelli, F, Forni, O, Frailis, M, Fraisse, AA, Franceschi, E, Galeotta, S, Galli, S, Ganga, K, Ghosh, T, Giard, M, Giraud-Héraud, Y, Gjerløw, E, González-Nuevo, J, Górski, KM, Gruppuso, A, Gudmundsson, JE, Harrison, DL, Hernández-Monteagudo, C, Herranz, D, Hildebrandt, SR, Hornstrup, A, Hovest, W, Hurier, G, Jaffe, AH, Jones, WC, Keihänen, E, Keskitalo, R, Kisner, TS, Knoche, J, Knox, L, Kunz, M, Kurki-Suonio, H, Lagache, G, Lähteenmäki, A, Lamarre, J-M, Lasenby, A, Lattanzi, M, Leonardi, R, Levrier, F, Lilje, PB, Linden-Vørnle, M, López-Caniego, M, Lubin, PM, Macías-Pérez, JF, Maffei, B, Maggio, G, Maino, D, Mandolesi, N, Mangilli, A, Maris, M, Martin, PG, Martínez-González, E, Masi, S, Matarrese, S, Meinhold, PR, Melchiorri, A, Mennella, A, Migliaccio, M, Mitra, S, Miville-Deschênes, M-A, Moneti, A, Montier, L, Morgante, G, Mortlock, D, Moss, A, Munshi, D, Murphy, JA, Naselsky, P, Nati, F, Natoli, P, Netterfield, CB, Nørgaard-Nielsen, HU, Novikov, D, Novikov, I, Pagano, L, Pajot, F, Paoletti, D, Pasian, F, Patanchon, G, Perdereau, O, Perotto, L, Pettorino, V, Piacentini, F, Piat, M, Pierpaoli, E, Pointecouteau, E, Polenta, G, Pratt, GW, Rachen, JP, Reinecke, M, Remazeilles, M, Renault, C, Renzi, A, Ristorcelli, I, Rocha, G, Rosset, C, Rossetti, M, Roudier, G, Rubiño-Martín, JA, Rusholme, B, Sandri, M, Santos, D, Savelainen, M, Savini, G, Scott, D, Spencer, LD, Stolyarov, V, Stompor, R, Sudiwala, R, Sunyaev, R, Sutton, D, Suur-Uski, A-S, Sygnet, J-F, Tauber, JA, Terenzi, L, Toffolatti, L, Tomasi, M, Tristram, M, Tucci, M, Tuovinen, J, Valenziano, L, Valiviita, J, Van Tent, B, Vielva, P, Villa, F, Wade, LA, Wandelt, BD, Wehus, IK, Yvon, D, Zacchei, A & Zonca, A 2016, 'Planck intermediate results. XLI. A map of lensing-induced B-modes', Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 596, pp. A102. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201527932

TY - JOUR

T1 - Planck intermediate results. XLI. A map of lensing-induced B-modes

AU - Collaboration, Planck

AU - Ade, P.~A.~R.

AU - Aghanim, N.

AU - Ashdown, M.

AU - Aumont, J.

AU - Baccigalupi, C.

AU - Banday, A.~J.

AU - Barreiro, R.~B.

AU - Bartolo, N.

AU - Basak, S.

AU - Battaner, E.

AU - Benabed, K.

AU - Benoit-Lévy, A.

AU - Bernard, J.-P.

AU - Bersanelli, M.

AU - Bielewicz, P.

AU - Bock, J.~J.

AU - Bonaldi, A.

AU - Bonavera, L.

AU - Bond, J.~R.

AU - Borrill, J.

AU - Bouchet, F.~R.

AU - Boulanger, F.

AU - Burigana, C.

AU - Butler, R.~C.

AU - Calabrese, E.

AU - Cardoso, J.-F.

AU - Catalano, A.

AU - Chiang, H.~C.

AU - Christensen, P.~R.

AU - Clements, D.~L.

AU - Colombi, S.

AU - Colombo, L.~P.~L.

AU - Combet, C.

AU - Crill, B.~P.

AU - Curto, A.

AU - Cuttaia, F.

AU - Danese, L.

AU - Davis, R.~J.

AU - de Bernardis, P.

AU - de Zotti, G.

AU - Delabrouille, J.

AU - Dickinson, C.

AU - Diego, J.~M.

AU - Doré, O.

AU - Ducout, A.

AU - Dupac, X.

AU - Elsner, F.

AU - Enßlin, T.~A.

AU - Eriksen, H.~K.

AU - Finelli, F.

AU - Forni, O.

AU - Frailis, M.

AU - Fraisse, A.~A.

AU - Franceschi, E.

AU - Galeotta, S.

AU - Galli, S.

AU - Ganga, K.

AU - Ghosh, T.

AU - Giard, M.

AU - Giraud-Héraud, Y.

AU - Gjerløw, E.

AU - González-Nuevo, J.

AU - Górski, K.~M.

AU - Gruppuso, A.

AU - Gudmundsson, J.~E.

AU - Harrison, D.~L.

AU - Hernández-Monteagudo, C.

AU - Herranz, D.

AU - Hildebrandt, S.~R.

AU - Hornstrup, A.

AU - Hovest, W.

AU - Hurier, G.

AU - Jaffe, A.~H.

AU - Jones, W.~C.

AU - Keihänen, E.

AU - Keskitalo, R.

AU - Kisner, T.~S.

AU - Knoche, J.

AU - Knox, L.

AU - Kunz, M.

AU - Kurki-Suonio, H.

AU - Lagache, G.

AU - Lähteenmäki, A.

AU - Lamarre, J.-M.

AU - Lasenby, A.

AU - Lattanzi, M.

AU - Leonardi, R.

AU - Levrier, F.

AU - Lilje, P.~B.

AU - Linden-Vørnle, M.

AU - López-Caniego, M.

AU - Lubin, P.~M.

AU - Macías-Pérez, J.~F.

AU - Maffei, B.

AU - Maggio, G.

AU - Maino, D.

AU - Mandolesi, N.

AU - Mangilli, A.

AU - Maris, M.

AU - Martin, P.~G.

AU - Martínez-González, E.

AU - Masi, S.

AU - Matarrese, S.

AU - Meinhold, P.~R.

AU - Melchiorri, A.

AU - Mennella, A.

AU - Migliaccio, M.

AU - Mitra, S.

AU - Miville-Deschênes, M.-A.

AU - Moneti, A.

AU - Montier, L.

AU - Morgante, G.

AU - Mortlock, D.

AU - Moss, A.

AU - Munshi, D.

AU - Murphy, J.~A.

AU - Naselsky, P.

AU - Nati, F.

AU - Natoli, P.

AU - Netterfield, C.~B.

AU - Nørgaard-Nielsen, H.~U.

AU - Novikov, D.

AU - Novikov, I.

AU - Pagano, L.

AU - Pajot, F.

AU - Paoletti, D.

AU - Pasian, F.

AU - Patanchon, G.

AU - Perdereau, O.

AU - Perotto, L.

AU - Pettorino, V.

AU - Piacentini, F.

AU - Piat, M.

AU - Pierpaoli, E.

AU - Pointecouteau, E.

AU - Polenta, G.

AU - Pratt, G.~W.

AU - Rachen, J.~P.

AU - Reinecke, M.

AU - Remazeilles, M.

AU - Renault, C.

AU - Renzi, A.

AU - Ristorcelli, I.

AU - Rocha, G.

AU - Rosset, C.

AU - Rossetti, M.

AU - Roudier, G.

AU - Rubiño-Martín, J.~A.

AU - Rusholme, B.

AU - Sandri, M.

AU - Santos, D.

AU - Savelainen, M.

AU - Savini, G.

AU - Scott, D.

AU - Spencer, L.~D.

AU - Stolyarov, V.

AU - Stompor, R.

AU - Sudiwala, R.

AU - Sunyaev, R.

AU - Sutton, D.

AU - Suur-Uski, A.-S.

AU - Sygnet, J.-F.

AU - Tauber, J.~A.

AU - Terenzi, L.

AU - Toffolatti, L.

AU - Tomasi, M.

AU - Tristram, M.

AU - Tucci, M.

AU - Tuovinen, J.

AU - Valenziano, L.

AU - Valiviita, J.

AU - Van Tent, B.

AU - Vielva, P.

AU - Villa, F.

AU - Wade, L.~A.

AU - Wandelt, B.~D.

AU - Wehus, I.~K.

AU - Yvon, D.

AU - Zacchei, A.

AU - Zonca, A.

PY - 2016/12/12

Y1 - 2016/12/12

N2 - The secondary cosmic microwave background (CMB) B-modes stem from the post-decoupling distortion of the polarization E-modes due to the gravitational lensing effect of large-scale structures. These lensing-induced B-modes constitute both a valuable probe of the dark matter distribution and an important contaminant for the extraction of the primary CMB B-modes from inflation. Planck provides accurate nearly all-sky measurements of both the polarization E-modes and the integrated mass distribution via the reconstruction of the CMB lensing potential. By combining these two data products, we have produced an all-sky template map of the lensing-induced B-modes using a real-space algorithm that minimizes the impact of sky masks. The cross-correlation of this template with an observed (primordial and secondary) B-mode map can be used to measure the lensing B-mode power spectrum at multipoles up to 2000. In particular, when cross-correlating with the B-mode contribution directly derived from the Planck polarization maps, we obtain lensing-induced B-mode power spectrum measurement at a significance level of 12σ, which agrees with the theoretical expectation derived from the Planck best-fit Λ cold dark matter model. This unique nearly all-sky secondary B-mode template, which includes the lensing-induced information from intermediate to small (10 ≲ ℓ ≲ 1000) angular scales, is delivered as part of the Planck 2015 public data release. It will be particularly useful for experiments searching for primordial B-modes, such as BICEP2/Keck Array or LiteBIRD, since it will enable an estimate to be made of the lensing-induced contribution to the measured total CMB B-modes.

AB - The secondary cosmic microwave background (CMB) B-modes stem from the post-decoupling distortion of the polarization E-modes due to the gravitational lensing effect of large-scale structures. These lensing-induced B-modes constitute both a valuable probe of the dark matter distribution and an important contaminant for the extraction of the primary CMB B-modes from inflation. Planck provides accurate nearly all-sky measurements of both the polarization E-modes and the integrated mass distribution via the reconstruction of the CMB lensing potential. By combining these two data products, we have produced an all-sky template map of the lensing-induced B-modes using a real-space algorithm that minimizes the impact of sky masks. The cross-correlation of this template with an observed (primordial and secondary) B-mode map can be used to measure the lensing B-mode power spectrum at multipoles up to 2000. In particular, when cross-correlating with the B-mode contribution directly derived from the Planck polarization maps, we obtain lensing-induced B-mode power spectrum measurement at a significance level of 12σ, which agrees with the theoretical expectation derived from the Planck best-fit Λ cold dark matter model. This unique nearly all-sky secondary B-mode template, which includes the lensing-induced information from intermediate to small (10 ≲ ℓ ≲ 1000) angular scales, is delivered as part of the Planck 2015 public data release. It will be particularly useful for experiments searching for primordial B-modes, such as BICEP2/Keck Array or LiteBIRD, since it will enable an estimate to be made of the lensing-induced contribution to the measured total CMB B-modes.

KW - cosmology: observations, cosmic background radiation, polarization, gravitational lensing: weak

U2 - 10.1051/0004-6361/201527932

DO - 10.1051/0004-6361/201527932

M3 - Article

SN - 0004-6361

VL - 596

SP - A102

JO - Astronomy & Astrophysics

JF - Astronomy & Astrophysics

ER -