TY - JOUR
T1 - Quantifying the Effects of MV-LV Distribution Network Constraints and DER Reactive Power Capabilities on Aggregators
AU - Gutierrez-Lagos, Luis
AU - Petrou, Kyriacos
AU - Ochoa, Luis(Nando)
PY - 2021/2/10
Y1 - 2021/2/10
N2 - Distributed energy resources (DER), such as photovoltaic systems and batteries, are becoming common among households. Although the main objective is reducing electricity imports (bills), they could also provide system-level services via an aggregator. However, the more DER provide services, the more important is ensuring that the corresponding operation does not result in network issues. To help DER aggregators understand the implications of network constraints, this work proposes an AC optimal power flow-based methodology to quantify the effects that three-phase low voltage (LV) and medium voltage (MV) network constraints can have on the volume of services that can be provided for a given horizon, and the potential benefits from using DER reactive power capabilities. Using a convex multi-period formulation that avoids binary variables for batteries and incorporates voltage-dependent load models, the methodology maximizes DER exports (services) for service-related periods and household self-consumption for other periods (reducing bills). Different service periods are assessed to explore the extent of services throughout the day. Results using a realistic UK MV-LV network with 2,400+ households, show that aggregator services can be highly overestimated when neglecting MV-LV constraints, these depend on voltage-demand load characteristics, and that exploiting DER reactive power capabilities can significantly unlock further services.
AB - Distributed energy resources (DER), such as photovoltaic systems and batteries, are becoming common among households. Although the main objective is reducing electricity imports (bills), they could also provide system-level services via an aggregator. However, the more DER provide services, the more important is ensuring that the corresponding operation does not result in network issues. To help DER aggregators understand the implications of network constraints, this work proposes an AC optimal power flow-based methodology to quantify the effects that three-phase low voltage (LV) and medium voltage (MV) network constraints can have on the volume of services that can be provided for a given horizon, and the potential benefits from using DER reactive power capabilities. Using a convex multi-period formulation that avoids binary variables for batteries and incorporates voltage-dependent load models, the methodology maximizes DER exports (services) for service-related periods and household self-consumption for other periods (reducing bills). Different service periods are assessed to explore the extent of services throughout the day. Results using a realistic UK MV-LV network with 2,400+ households, show that aggregator services can be highly overestimated when neglecting MV-LV constraints, these depend on voltage-demand load characteristics, and that exploiting DER reactive power capabilities can significantly unlock further services.
M3 - Article
SN - 1751-8687
JO - IET Generation, Transmission and Distribution
JF - IET Generation, Transmission and Distribution
ER -